Effect

An effect^{[note 1]} is a helpful or harmful condition that affects an entity. Effects can be inflicted in various ways throughout the game, including consuming potions and some food items, being in the range of beacons and conduits, and being attacked by or close to certain mobs.

The /effect command allows players to inflict effects upon themselves and other entities.

Behavior[]

Any entities inflicted by an effect are affected in various ways for an amount of time. During the effect, spiral-shaped particles emanate from the position of the inflicted entity. For most effects, higher levels increase the strength of the effect.

In Java Edition, players can open their inventory to see any current effects afflicted upon them, as well as the levels and duration of each. In Bedrock Edition, effects are displayed in a separate screen, which can be opened by pressing Z on a keyboard, pressing // on a controller, or tapping the effect icon when using touch controls.

Internally, in the /effect command, and in potion Amplifier NBT tags, the game stores an "amplifier" value, which is one less than the displayed level. For example, Strength II has an amplifier value of 1.

Due to the way this amplifier is stored in NBT, amplifiers of 128 to 255 (levels 129 to 256) in NBT tags (e.g. on potions) are treated as if they were −128 to −1 (levels −127 to 0) respectively.‌^{[Java Edition only]} The /effect command initially applies such amplifiers in their positive-valued sense but this is later converted to the negative-valued interpretation, leading to inconsistent results. In Bedrock Edition, amplifiers above 127 translate to positive levels, like other amplifiers.

Any number of different effects, including opposing effects such as Strength and Weakness, can be simultaneously active on a player. However, it is not possible to apply the same effect multiple times, even if they are of different levels (e.g. Strength and Strength II). When applying an effect already active on the player, higher levels overwrite lower levels, and higher durations overwrite lower durations of the same level.

In Java Edition, when the stronger effect overrides the weaker effect, the weaker effect remains, but is hidden. It returns after the stronger effect expires, if the weaker effect has a higher duration than the stronger effect. This change makes it impossible to create custom potion antidotes by applying an amplified effect with a one tick duration.^[verify]

In Bedrock Edition, when a stronger effect overrides the weaker effect, the weaker effect is deleted and does not return.^[1]

In Java Edition, play can use /effect give <targets> <effect> infinite to make effect last infinitely.

When drinking from milk bucket, dying, being saved from death by a totem of undying, or traveling through the exit portal in the End,^[2] all status effects are removed. Single-player users with cheats enabled and operators in multiplayer servers can use /effect clear <playername>‌^{[Java Edition only]} or /effect <playername> clear‌^{[Bedrock Edition only]} to achieve the same goal.

Damage dealt by effects (a kind of "magical damage") completely bypasses armor, making it a good way to deal with highly-armored targets (Protection enchantments reduce damage taken from effects, however). Witches are the only mob to have natural protection against effects, taking 85% less‌^{[Java Edition only]} or 95% less‌^{[Bedrock Edition only]} damage from effects.

Immunity[]

Effects can only be applied to living entities. Of these, certain entities are immune to some or all effects:

The ender dragon and the wither are immune to all effects.
Undead mobs are immune to regeneration and poison.
Spiders and cave spiders are immune to poison.
Wither skeletons are immune to the wither effect in addition to being immune to regeneration and poison.

Effect list[]

In Java Edition, positive effects have blue text in potion information and are displayed on the upper row of effects in the heads up display, while negative effects have red potion text and are displayed in the bottom row. Neutral effects have the blue potion text and are listed with the negative effects in the bottom row in the heads up display. In Bedrock Edition, negative effect names in potion and tipped arrow tooltips are shown in red; positive and neutral effect names in these contexts, and all effect names in the "Mob effects" screen, are shown in white.

Display name	Name	Effect	Type	ID (J.E.)	ID (B.E.)
Speed	`speed`	Increases walking speed; higher levels make the affected entity faster and increases the player's field of view when affected	Positive	1	1
Slowness	`slowness`	Decreases walking speed; higher levels make the affected entity slower and decreases the player's field of view when affected	Negative	2	2
Haste	`haste`	Increases mining and attack speed, higher levels increase the player's mining and attack speed	Positive	3	3
Mining Fatigue	`mining_fatigue`	Decreases mining and attack speed, higher levels decrease the player's mining and attack speed	Negative	4	4
Strength	`strength`	Increases melee damage, higher levels make the affected entity do more melee damage	Positive	5	5
Instant Health	`instant_health`	Heals living entities, damages undead, higher levels heal more health and do more damage	Positive	6	6
Instant Damage	`instant_damage`	Damages living entities, heals undead, higher levels do more damage and heal more health	Negative	7	7
Jump Boost	`jump_boost`	Increases jump height and reduces fall damage, higher levels make the affected entity jump higher and reduces more fall damage	Positive	8	8
Nausea	`nausea`	Wobbles and warps the screen	Negative	9	9
Regeneration	`regeneration`	Regenerates health over time, higher levels make health regenerate quicker	Positive	10	10
Resistance	`resistance`	Reduces damage, higher levels reduce more damage	Positive	11	11
Fire Resistance	`fire_resistance`	Prevents the affected entity from taking damage due to Fire, lava and other sources of fire damage	Positive	12	12
Water Breathing	`water_breathing`	Prevents drowning and lets the affected entity breathe underwater	Positive	13	13
Invisibility	`invisibility`	Grants invisibility, making the affected entity invisible (but not the item they hold or the armor they wear), and reduces other mobs' detection range for the affected entity, higher levels reduce other mobs' detection range more	Positive	14	14
Blindness	`blindness`	Impairs vision and disables the ability to sprint and critical hit	Negative	15	15
Night Vision	`night_vision`	Lets the player see well in darkness and underwater	Positive	16	16
Hunger	`hunger`	Increases food exhaustion, higher levels cause the player to starve quicker	Negative	17	17
Weakness	`weakness`	Decreases melee damage, higher levels decrease more melee damage	Negative	18	18
Poison	`poison`	Inflicts damage over time (but can't kill), higher levels do more damage per second, doesn't affect undead	Negative	19	19
Wither	`wither`	Inflicts damage over time (can kill), higher levels do more damage per second	Negative	20	20
Health Boost	`health_boost`	Increases maximum health, higher levels give the affected entity more maximum health	Positive	21	21
Absorption	`absorption`	Adds damage absorption (additional hearts that can't be regenerated), higher levels give more absorption	Positive	22	22
Saturation	`saturation`	Restores hunger and saturation	Positive	23	23
Glowing‌^{[Java Edition only]}	`glowing`	Outlines the affected entity (can be seen through blocks)	Neutral	24	N/A
Levitation	`levitation`	Floats the affected entity upward	Negative	25	24
Luck ‌^{[Java Edition only]}	`luck`	Can increase chances of high-quality and more loot, higher levels increase the chances of better loot	Positive	26	N/A
Bad Luck ‌^{[Java Edition only]}	`unluck`	Can reduce chances of high-quality and more loot, higher levels reduce the chance of good loot	Negative	27	N/A
Fatal Poison‌^{[Bedrock Edition only]}	`fatal_poison`	Inflicts damage over time and potentially kills	Negative	N/A	25
Slow Falling	`slow_falling`	Decreases falling speed and negates fall damage	Positive	28	27
Conduit Power	`conduit_power`	Increases underwater visibility and mining speed, prevents drowning	Positive	29	26
Dolphin's Grace‌^{[Java Edition only]}	`dolphins_grace`	Increases swimming speed (only obtainable from dolphins)	Positive	30	N/A
Bad Omen	`bad_omen`	Causes an illager raid to start upon entering a village (only received from an Illager captain upon its death), higher levels cause a more difficult raid‌^{[JE only]}	Neutral	31	28
Hero of the Village	`hero_of_the_village`‌^{[JE only]} `village_hero`‌^{[BE only]}	Gives discounts on trades with villagers, and makes villagers throw items at the player depending on their profession	Positive	32	29
Darkness	`darkness`	Darkens the players screen	Negative	33	30

Joke effects[]

Java Edition 15w14a[]

These effects only exist in 15w14a.

Display name	Name	Effect	Type	ID (J.E.)
Caring	`slowness`	Changes the mob AI to move toward the nearest mob as if it were to attack it	Negative	2
Caring	`poison`		Negative	19
Sharing	`weakness`	Drops items in a random amount of time, ranging from food to rare items like saddles or diamonds	Negative	18

Java Edition 23w13a_or_b[]

These effects only exist in 23w13a_or_b.

Icon	Display name	Name	Effect	Type	ID (J.E.)
	Big	`big`	Make the entity bigger	Neutral	34
	Small	`small`	Make the entity smaller	Neutral	35

Achievements[]

Icon		Achievement	In-game description	Actual requirements (if different)	Gamerscore earned	Trophy type (PS4)
PS4	Other	Achievement	In-game description	Actual requirements (if different)	Gamerscore earned	Trophy type (PS4)
		Stayin' Frosty	Swim in lava while having the Fire Resistance effect.	—	20G	Bronze
		Free Diver	Stay underwater for 2 minutes	Drink a potion of water breathing that can last for 2 minutes or more, then jump into the water or activate a conduit or sneak on a magma block underwater for 2 minutes.	20G	Silver
		Great View From Up Here	Levitate up 50 blocks from the attacks of a Shulker	—	20G	Bronze
		We're being attacked!	Trigger a Pillager Raid.	Walk in a village with the Bad Omen effect applied.	20G	Bronze

Advancements[]

Advancement	In-game description	Parent	Actual requirements (if different)	Resource location
A Furious Cocktail	Have every potion effect applied at the same time	Local Brewery	Have all of these 13 status effects applied to the player at the same time: Fire Resistance Invisibility Jump Boost Night Vision Poison Regeneration Resistance Slow Falling Slowness Speed Strength Water Breathing Weakness The source of the effects is irrelevant for the purposes of this advancement. Other status effects may be applied to the player, but are ignored for this advancement.	`nether/all_potions`
How Did We Get Here?	Have every effect applied at the same time	A Furious Cocktail	Have all of these 27 status effects applied to the player at the same time: Absorption Bad Omen Blindness Conduit Power Darkness Dolphin's Grace Fire Resistance Glowing Haste Hero of the Village Hunger Invisibility Jump Boost Levitation Mining Fatigue Nausea Night Vision Poison Regeneration Resistance Slow Falling Slowness Speed Strength Water Breathing Weakness Wither The source of the effects is irrelevant for the purposes of this advancement. Other status effects may be applied to the player, but are ignored for this advancement. This is a hidden advancement, meaning that it can be viewed by the player only after completing it, regardless of if its child advancement(s), if any, have been completed.	`nether/all_effects`
Great View From Up Here	Levitate up 50 blocks from the attacks of a Shulker	The City at the End of the Game	Move a distance of 50 blocks vertically with the Levitation effect applied, regardless of direction or whether it is caused by the effect.	`end/levitate`
Voluntary Exile	Kill a raid captain. Maybe consider staying away from villages for the time being...	Adventure	Kill an entity in the `#raiders` entity tag wearing an ominous banner. This is a hidden advancement, meaning that it can be viewed by the player only after completing it, regardless of if its child advancement(s), if any, have been completed.	`adventure/voluntary_exile`
Hero of the Village	Successfully defend a village from a raid	Voluntary Exile	Kill at least one raid mob during a raid and wait until it ends in victory. This is a hidden advancement, meaning that it can be viewed by the player only after completing it, regardless of if its child advancement(s), if any, have been completed.	`adventure/hero_of_the_village`

History[]

Effect additions[]

Java Edition Beta
1.8		Pre-release		The first 19 effects have been introduced, 8 of which are nonfunctional. No potions are added yet, so the only effects that are obtainable are Regeneration (golden apples), Hunger (raw chicken and rotten flesh), and Poison (cave spiders). Other effects can be obtained only through NBT editing.
Java Edition
1.4.2		12w36a		Added Wither.
1.6.1		13w23b		Added Health Boost effect. It is activated after eating the 1st tier of the golden apple. The enchanted tier does not give the effect at all.
		13w24b		Added Absorption effect.
		pre		Added Saturation effect.
1.9		15w31a		Added Levitation effect, received when player is hit by a shulker projectile.
		15w31a		Added Glowing effect, which is received when players or mobs are hit by spectral arrows.
		15w44b		New effects, Luck and Bad Luck.
1.13		18w14a		Added the Slow Falling effect, which is obtained by drinking a potion of Slow Falling or being hit by an arrow of Slow Falling.
		18w15a		Added the Conduit Power effect, which is obtained by activating a conduit.
		18w19a		Added the Dolphin's Grace effect, which is obtained by swimming near dolphins.
1.14		18w47a		Added the Bad Omen effect, which is obtained by killing a raid captain. The texture of the effect was later changed to ^[when?]
1.14		19w13a		Added the Hero of the Village effect, obtained after defeating a raid triggered by Bad Omen.
1.19		Deep Dark Experimental Snapshot 1		Added Darkness effect.
Pocket Edition Alpha
v0.11.0		build 1		Added mob effects.
v0.12.1		build 1		Added a few new ones.^{[more information needed]}
Pocket Edition
1.0.0		alpha 0.17.0.1		Added the Levitation mob effect, received when the player is hit by a shulker projectile.
Bedrock Edition
1.5.0		beta 1.5.0.1		Added the Conduit Power mob effect, which is received when the player activates a conduit.
1.6.0		beta 1.6.0.5		Added the Slow Falling mob effect, obtained by drinking a potion of Slow Falling or being hit by an arrow of Slow Falling.
1.8.0		beta 1.8.0.10		Health Boost and Absorption icons have now changed to look different.
1.11.0		beta 1.11.0.1		Added the Bad Omen and Hero of the Village mob effects.
1.18.0		beta 1.18.0.22		Added the Darkness mob effect behind the Vanilla Experiments toggle.
Legacy Console Edition
TU5			Patch 1	Effects have been introduced.
TU19	CU7	1.12		The Wither effect has been added.
TU19	CU7	1.12		Added Absorption effect.
TU46	CU36	1.38	Patch 15	Added Levitation effect, received when the player is hit by a shulker projectile.
TU69		1.76	Patch 38	Added the Slow Falling effect, obtained by drinking a potion of Slow Falling or being hit by an arrow of Slow Falling.
		1.91		Added the Bad Omen and Hero of the Village effects.
New Nintendo 3DS Edition
0.1.0				Added an unknown number of effects.^{[more information needed]}

Other changes[]

Java Edition
1.0.0		Beta 1.9 Prerelease 2		Potions have been added, but are unobtainable without inventory editing. All effects can appear on potions, but Invisibility and Night Vision still do not function.
		Beta 1.9 Prerelease 2		Drinking milk now clears all effects.
		Beta 1.9 Prerelease 3		Potions have been revamped and made obtainable. As part of this, 7 effects no longer exist as potions and have become unused.
1.3.1		12w21a		An enchanted golden apple made from blocks of gold has been added, and induced, among others, the formerly unused Resistance effect.
1.3.1		12w26a		Monster spawners can now be customized using third-party world editors and set to spawn mobs with effects.
1.4.2		12w32a		Beacons have been added (to Creative only) and can be used to give effects to players around them. Several effects without a potion can now be induced, including the formerly unused Haste and Jump Boost effects.
		12w32a		Zombie villagers under the effects of a potion of Weakness can now be given a golden apple to cure it.
		12w39a		Using external programs, potions can now be changed to give different or multiple effects for any length.
1.5		13w09b		Using `/effect` the player can now apply potion effects to other players, with a maximum value of 4.
1.5		13w09c		`/effect` now has a level limit of 255.
1.6.1		13w23a		Regeneration and Instant Health have been slightly nerfed, having Regeneration heal twice as slow and Instant Health be 33% less potent.
		13w23b		Health Boost is activated after eating the 1st tier of the golden apple. The enchanted tier does not give the effect at all.
		13w23b		Regeneration has been increased from level 1 to 2 on the normal golden apple, and increased from level 4 to 5 on the enchanted golden apple.
		13w24a		Spiders now have a rare chance to spawn with effects on hard difficulty.
		13w24b		Health Boost no longer activate after eating a golden apple. The Absorption effect is now triggered after eating either tier of the golden apple, and lasts for 2 minutes.
1.6.2		release		Extra health from Absorption effect no longer reappears every 30 seconds.^{[is this the correct version?]}
1.8		14w06a		Added the ability to disable effect particles.
		14w25a		Mining Fatigue mechanics have been adjusted. There is no longer a 20 percentage point reduction per level.
		14w27a		Potion of Leaping has been added.
		14w27a		Jump Boost now has bright green particles.
		14w28a		Effects now accept named IDs, as well as numerical IDs.
1.9		15w31a		Effects are now displayed on the HUD, instead of just in the inventory.
		15w33a		Strength was changed from +130% damage bonus per level to 3 damage per level. Weakness was changed from 0.5 × 0.25 damage reduction to 4.
		15w34b		Haste and Mining Fatigue affect the new `attackSpeed` attribute.
		15w44b		Tipped arrows now display the effect's time, same as potions.
		15w44b		Tipped arrows are now able to be obtained in survival.
		15w49a		The Ender Dragon is now immune to all effects.
1.13		18w16a		Conduit Power now gives off a different effect.
1.14		19w08a		Each individual effect icon texture is now found in a separate texture file.
1.15		19w41a		Saturation, Instant Health, and Instant damage now have icons.
1.15.2		Pre-Release 1		When a stronger effect overwrites a weaker effect, the weaker effect now returns after the stronger effect expires if the weaker effect duration has not yet expired.^[3]
1.18		21w39a		Redesigned how effects look in the inventory screen: can display while recipe book is showing.
				The list of effects are now shown to the right of the player's inventory, instead of the left side.
				When the inventory effects list is visible, it is hidden from the game view to reduce screen clutter.
				There’s now two modes of seeing the effect list: compact and classic.
1.19.3		22w46a		The inventory now correctly shows the remaining time on long-duration effects, instead of `:`.^[4]
1.19.4		Pre-release 3		Changed particle and potion colors of the following effects: Swiftness, Slowness, Strength, Harming, Leaping, Resistance, Fire Resistance, Water Breathing, Invisibility, Night Vision, Poison.
1.20		23w12a		Wither and Slow Falling effect colors have been adjusted to make them more distinguishable.
1.20.2		23w32a		Game no longer uses numeric values when storing mob effects to world.
				Changed following fields in mob effect instances: `Id` (integer) -> `id` (string, resource location) `Ambient` -> `ambient` `Amplifier` -> `amplifier` `Duration` -> `duration` `ShowParticles` -> `show_particles` `ShowIcon` -> `show_icon` `HiddenEffect` -> `hidden_effect` `FactorCalculationData` -> `factor_calculation_data`
				In NBT format for living entities (players, armor stands, and all mobs): Renamed `ActiveEffects` to `active_effects`.
Pocket Edition Alpha
v0.11.0		December 2, 2014		Jeb tweets an image of effects in progress.
				When the player is affected with an effect, there are tabs on the right side of the screen that shows what effects are currently afflicted.
				Jeb states that the only effects obtainable are Poison and Nausea, due to potions not being implemented yet.
		December 4, 2014		Jeb tweets an image of the effect GUI, which appears when one of the "tabs" are selected.
		build 1		Currently, since potions have not been implemented, the only effects available are Poison from cave spiders, rotten flesh and pufferfish, Hunger from raw chicken and pufferfish (which doesn't function yet), and Nausea from pufferfish. Other effects can be applied using an inventory editor or modifier, though some do not work properly.
		build 4		Drinking milk now removes all mob effects.
		build 12		Armor no longer decreases damage from mob effects.
v0.12.1		build 1		Most mob effects work properly now.
				Jump boost can't be obtained, as rabbits have not yet been added.
				Mob effects now can be applied with potions.
				Rotten foods now cause Hunger, rather than Poison due to the addition of hunger.
				The hunger mob effect functions correctly now due to the addition of hunger.
v0.13.0		build 1		Jump boost can now be obtained in survival because of the addition of rabbits.
v0.16.0		build 1		Added an exclusive potion, splash potion and arrow of Decay. It is unobtainable in survival due to the lack of a brewing recipe for it.
		build 1		Mining fatigue can now be inflicted upon the player in survival by a elder guardian.
		build 4		The wither effect can now be inflicted with the addition of the wither.
Bedrock Edition
1.2.0		?		Absorption effect amplifier has been increased for enchanted golden apples.
1.4.0		beta 1.2.20.1		The Water Breathing mob effect no longer gives the player enhanced underwater vision.
Legacy Console Edition
TU5			Patch 1	Effects have been introduced. Potions haven't been added yet, so the only things that cause them are golden apples, raw chicken, rotten flesh and cave spiders.
TU7				Actual potions have been added and some effects got an alchemical ingredient that corresponds to them.
TU7				Milk has been now given the ability to cure and clear all effects.
TU14		1.04		An enchanted golden apple made from blocks of gold has been added, and induced, among others, the formerly unused Resistance effect.
TU19	CU7	1.12		Night Vision now functions, and a potion and splash potion of Night Vision has been implemented and added to Creative mode.
				Beacons have been added and can be used to give effects to players around them. Several effects without a potion can now be induced, including the formerly unused Haste and Jump Boost effects.
				Zombie villagers under the effects of a potion of Weakness can now be given a golden apple to cure it.
				Invisibility now functions, and turns mobs invisible. Players under its effect can now not be detected by other players. A potion and splash potion of Invisibility was implemented and added to Creative mode.
				The Wither effect is inflicted by the wither's wither skulls.
				Absorption effect can be triggered for 2 minutes when consuming either tier of the golden apple.
New Nintendo 3DS Edition
1.2.12				Effects are now displayed on the HUD, instead of just in the inventory.

April Fools effects[]

Java Edition
15w14a					Added the Caring effect, replacing the Slowness and Poison effects.
15w14a					Added the Sharing effect, replacing the Weakness effect.
23w13a or b					Added the Big and Small effect.

Issues[]

Issues relating to "Effect" are maintained on the bug tracker. Report issues there.

Trivia[]

When having multiple effects, the effects' timers are reduced by 1 second each simultaneously, regardless of when the player took each potion. This is because they use the same "seconds counter" that "ticks" every 20 game ticks to save memory. For example, if the player drinks one potion and another different potion that doesn't reset the timer 5.5 (or any non-integer amounts) seconds later, both effects' timers subtract 1 second from both of them simultaneously.
When a creeper has an effect and explodes, it leaves an area effect cloud for each effect that it had before it died.‌^{[Java Edition only]}
Using a potion of Leaping II, a potion of Slow Falling, and a potion of Swiftness II, the player can jump a 9 block gap.