This Review explores adopting 2D semiconductors to overcome the scaling bottleneck of Si-based electronics. Recent trends and potential approaches for the development of 2D materials as a channel are discussed. Following this, the prerequisites, obstacles and feasible technologies for integrating contacts and gate dielectrics with 2D semiconductor-based channels are examined. The Review also provides an industrial perspective towards facilitating monolithic 3D integration.

This Review provides a framework for processing multidimensional vision information at the sensory level and illustrates the working mechanisms as well as design principles of hardware implementations.

Nanocarrier delivery has huge potential in agriculture; however, there are significant scientific and societal barriers to overcome. In this Review, the authors explore the state of the field, what lessons can be learned from nanomedicine, and discuss what scientific and societal issues need to be addressed.

This Review highlights the current potential for colloidal quantum dots for applications in quantum sensing and quantum circuits.

Selective and quasi-continuous ferroelectric switching has been successfully implemented in devices based on topological Chern insulators, enabling the realization of 1,280 ferroelectric states for a proof-of-concept demonstration in noise-immune neuromorphic computing.

This work reports core–shell photovoltaic nanocells to enhance the photoresponse of the active layer and realize photolithographic manufacturing of large-scale-integrated organic phototransistors for high-resolution biomimetic vision.

Mirror twin boundaries in monolayer MoS₂—line defects with reflection-mirroring symmetry—are one-dimensionally metallic. In this work, the authors fabricate these mirror twin boundary networks by epitaxity and incorporate them into ultrascaled 2D transistor circuits as gate electrodes.

An optimized design of free-space silicon nanoantennas combines high quality factor and low mode volume, reducing the trade-off between these parameters.

A highly tunable Nernst effect has been demonstrated in graphene/indium selenide devices, achieving a record Nernst coefficient at ultralow temperatures, highlighting its potential for quantum technologies and low-temperature applications.

Minimally invasive cellular-level target-specific neuromodulation is needed to decipher brain function and neural circuitry. Here nano-magnetogenetics using magnetic force actuating nanoparticles has been reported, enabling wireless and remote stimulation of targeted deep brain neurons in freely behaving animals.

Driven by carbon neutral targets, proton exchange membrane water electrolysis is becoming a hot technology due to its capability to convert fluctuating power into green hydrogen. Unfortunately, despite tremendous resources invested in fundamental research, only very few research outcomes have successfully translated into the development of industrial-scale electrolysers.

The use of hyperbole in scientific literature is increasing, undermining effective scientific communication.

Advances in nanoscale engineering bring us closer to unlocking the full potential of perovskite light-emitting diodes for future lighting and display applications.

A panel discussion at a recent Nature Conference highlighted the role of mentorship programmes to tackle gender disparity in Indian universities.

Programmes to inspire the next generation of researchers can have a huge impact, as Rachel Lou explains in the recounting of her own experience.