The weighted mod may be crafted and applied to an armor arm at an armor workbench if the relevant plan is known. The mod can only be learned from scrapping armor of the same type (e.g. metal or robot armor).
As with other mods, loose weighted mods may be randomly sold by Responder, Raider, Brotherhood, and Free States vendors. Loose mods can also be found randomly in various locations depending on the armor type, with the exception of the combat armor mod.
The scout armor mod may only be sold by the MODUS armory terminal and isn't found elsewhere.