Extended Data Fig. 7: Humans with a SARS-CoV-2 infection history administered an XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccine after a previous BA.5-matched booster develop cross-neutralizing antibodies in serum.
From: Imprinting of serum neutralizing antibodies by Wuhan-1 mRNA vaccines
a, Scheme of immunizations and blood draws, also described in Fig. 4. Clinical trial participants received a primary two-dose mRNA-1273 series, a third dose of mRNA-1273, a fourth dose of mRNA-1273.222 (Wuhan-1–BA.5 bivalent vaccine), and a fifth dose of mRNA-1273.815 (XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccine) (b-d post-boost, n = 28; b-d pre-boost and e-f, n = 15). Sera were collected immediately before and one month after the fifth dose. Subjects with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection (anti-N antibody positive before the mRNA-1273.815 vaccination) were selected for analysis. 1273, mRNA-1273; 222, mRNA-1273.222; 815, mRNA-1273.815. b, Paired analysis of pre- and post-boost serum antibody reactivity against Wuhan-1 and XBB.1.5 spike proteins. c, Antibody binding to Wuhan-1 and XBB.1.5 spike proteins of pre- and post-boost sera pre-cleared with empty beads (no Dp), XBB.1.5 spike-loaded beads (XBB.1.5 Dp), or Wuhan-1 spike-loaded beads (Wuhan-1 Dp) (connecting lines represent sera from the same individual; dotted lines show the LOD; values at the LOD are plotted slightly below the LOD for visualization). d, Percentages of Wuhan-1 and XBB.1.5 spike-specific antibodies before and after the fifth immunization (horizontal lines and numbers at the top denote median values). Pie charts illustrate the fraction of type-specific and cross-reactive antibodies. e, Paired analysis of pre- and post-boost serum neutralizing activity against Wuhan-1 and XBB.1.5 pseudoviruses. f, Neutralizing activity of pre-cleared sera against Wuhan-1 and XBB.1.5 pseudoviruses (numbers above data points indicate the GMT; fractions indicate the numbers of individuals with detectable neutralization by type-specific antibodies). Pie charts illustrate the fraction of neutralization mediated by type-specific and cross-reactive antibodies. Serum samples with an NT50 below the LOD after pre-clearing with empty beads (no Dp) were not used in pie chart analyses. All statistical analysis was performed using a two-sided Wilcoxon signed-rank test (P values are shown).