Extended Data Fig. 10: ILC3s restrain IL-23 mediated inflammation through CTLA-4.
From: CTLA-4-expressing ILC3s restrain interleukin-23-mediated inflammation
![Extended Data Fig. 10](https://cdn.statically.io/img/media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41586-024-07537-3/MediaObjects/41586_2024_7537_Fig15_ESM.jpg)
Here we define a pathway of immune regulation in the large intestine. This pathway is activated by gut microbes and IL-23 in a FOXO1- and STAT3-dependent manner. ILC3-intrinsic CTLA-4 shapes the levels of co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory molecules on intestinal myeloid cells to support Tregs and restrict T effector (Teff) cells. Consequently, ILC3-intrinsic CTLA-4 function as a checkpoint to restrain the pathologic functions of IL-23, suggesting that disruption of these lymphocytes, which occurs in IBD, contributes to chronic inflammation.