Extended Data Fig. 3: Carbon to phosphorus (C:P) ratio of major variables and plant phosphorus (P) use variables under ambient and elevated CO₂ treatment.

Variables include: (a) canopy leaf, canopy leaf litter, fine root, understorey aboveground, understorey litter and frass C:P ratios; (b) wood, sapwood and heartwood C:P ratios; (c) microbial C:P ratios in the 0–10 cm, 10–30 cm and 30–60 cm depths; (d) mean residence time (MRT) of P in plants, calculated as plant P pool over plant P uptake; (e) P-use efficiency to support carbon uptake of overstorey and understorey vegetation, calculated as gross primary production over leaf P demand of the respective vegetation class; and (f) P-use efficiency to support plant growth (overstorey and understorey combined), calculated as net primary production over plant P uptake, under ambient and elevated CO₂ treatment. Values are time-averaged treatment means ± standard deviations (n = 3), and open squared and triangle dots denote plot-level data under ambient and elevated CO₂ treatment, respectively.