Extended Data Fig. 1: Comparison of experimental results utilizing HAADF, iDPC, ABF and MEP.
From: Visualization of oxygen vacancies and self-doped ligand holes in La3Ni2O7−δ
a-d, Experimental imaging results on the same region from La3Ni2O7-δ, by HAADF (a), iDPC (b), ABF (c), and MEP (d), respectively. Consistent to the simulation results in the main text, the oxygen atoms are only visible in iDPC, ABF, and MEP results. However, the oxygen atoms in the iDPC and ABF images are blurry and thus difficult to quantify. Only in the MEP image are the oxygen atoms captured clearly.