Extended Data Fig. 6: Aerodynamic and inertial forces for maximum muscle activity wingbeats.

Figures depict the CNN-predicted wing motion for maximum muscle activity patterns, viewed from the front, left, and top. Instantaneous vectors depicting the sum of aerodynamic and inertial forces are shown in cyan. The wingbeat-averaged force vector is indicated by the color corresponding to the specific steering muscle set to maximum activity. Note that the scaling for the wingbeat-averaged forces differs from that for the instantaneous forces. The black gravitational force and blue body drag force are plotted as in Extended Data Fig. 5c.