Extended Data Fig. 9: Simulated changes in the seasonal cycle of oceanic conditions obtained from the CMIP6 simulations under the high-emission scenario SSP585 and HighResMIP simulations.

For (top) the relative change between the period of 2080–2099 under the high-emission scenario SSP585 and the period of 1981–2000 based on the multi-model mean of CMIP6 simulations, and (bottom) HighResMIP simulations. a, b, The relative change of the fractional area covered by high PI (bar) in the active season between the period of 2080–2099 under the high-emission scenario SSP585 and the period of 1981–2000 in the (a) NH, and (b) SH based on the multi-model mean of CMIP6 simulations. The error bars indicate the standard deviation. c, d, The relative change of the fractional area covered by high OHC (bar) in the active season between the period of 2080–2099 under the high-emission scenario SSP585 and the period of 1981–2000 in the (c) NH, and (d) SH. e, f, The linear trend of the fractional area covered by high PI in each month during the active season during 1981–2017 obtained from the high resolution (HighRes; grey bars) outputs and the low resolution (LowRes; blue bars) outputs in the (e) NH, and (f) SH. g, h, Same as in e, f, respectively, but for the linear trend of the fractional area covered by high OHC.