Extended Data Fig. 3: PDFs of the maximum sustained wind under global weak TCs.

for 1991–2005 (blue) and 2006–2020 (red) derived from (a) all drifter observations, and (b) the same as (a) but with the results for 2006–2020 obtained with a random sampling method. Specifically, the random sampling procedure was repeated 10,000 times. Each time, 25,538 observations (i.e., the number available for the period of 1991–2005) were drawn from the entire 59,643 observations during 2006–2020, and a PDF of TC intensities was computed. The red curve shows the average PDF using the obtained 10,000 individual PDFs, with the error bars indicating the standard deviations of the 10,000 realizations. Bin size is 3 m s⁻¹.