Extended Data Fig. 9: Dependence of thermal displacement on MHW intensity and background SST gradients, calculated with a fixed historical baseline.
![Extended Data Fig. 9](https://cdn.statically.io/img/media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41586-020-2534-z/MediaObjects/41586_2020_2534_Fig13_ESM.jpg)
a, Horizontal SST gradients (colour) and mean SST (contours ranging 2–28 °C at 2 °C intervals), with sample locations indicated by coloured markers. b, Thermal displacement as a function of monthly MHW intensity for all 1982–2019 MHWs in six sample regions, characterized by strong SST gradients (diamonds; Gulf Stream: purple, Antarctic Circumpolar Current: pink), weak SST gradients (squares; Tropical Indian Ocean: yellow), Eastern Tropical Pacific: orange) and coastal upwelling that provides cold refugia (circles; California Current System: green, Humboldt Current System: blue). In contrast to Fig. 2, MHWs here were calculated without detrending SST anomalies relative to the 1982–2011 climatology.