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Cuba

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Republik Cuba
ريڤوبليك كوبا
República de Cuba
Bendera Cuba
Jata Cuba
Bendera Jata
Cogan kataPatria o Muerte  (Bahasa Sepanyol)
"Tanah air atau Kematian" a
Lagu kebangsaanLa Bayamesa  ("Lagu Bayamo")
Lokasi Cuba
Ibu negara
dan bandar terbesar
Havana
Bahasa rasmiBahasa Sepanyol
KerajaanMarxisme-Leninisme satu parti sosialis
• Presiden dan
Setiausaha Pertama Parti Komunis
Miguel Díaz-Canel
Kemerdekaan 
daripada Sepanyol
• Diisytiharkan
10 Oktober 1868
• Republik diisytihar
20 Mei 1902
1 Januari 1959
• Perairan (%)
sedikit sahaja
Populasi
• Perkiraan 2006
11,382,820 (73)
• Bancian Penduduk 2002
11,177,743
KDNK (PPP)2005
• Jumlah
39.17 billion (tidak tersenarai)
$3,900 (tidak tersenarai)
HDI (2004) 0.826
Ralat: Nilai IPM tidak sah · 50
Mata wangPeso
Pertukaran Peso d
(CUC)
Zon waktuUTC-5 (EST)
• Musim panas (DST)
UTC-4 ((Bermula 1 April; tarikh akhir berubah))
Kod panggilan53
Kod ISO 3166CU
DPT internet.cu
a Seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam syiling tahun 1992

Cuba, secara rasminya digelarkan Republik Cuba, terdiri daripada pulau Cuba (pulau terbesar di kalangan pulau-pulau Antillen Besar), Isle of Youth, dan pulau-pulau kecil yang berhampiran. Ia terletak di bahagian utara Caribbean pada pertemuan Laut Caribbean, Teluk Mexico, dan Lautan Atlantik; di selatan bahagian timur Amerika Syarikat, dan Bahamas; di barat Kepulauan Turki dan Caicos dan Haiti; di timur Mexico. Kepulauan Cayman dan Jamaica berjiranan di selatan negara ini.

Cuba ialah negara yang mempunyai paling banyak penduduk di Caribbean. Budaya dan adat resamnya berasal daripada beberapa sumber, termasuk zaman penjajahan Sepanyol, pembawaan masuk abdi-abdi Afrika, dan secara tidak begitu kuat, kedudukannya yang berhampiran dengan Amerika Syarikat. Pulau ini mempunyai iklim tropika yang disederhanakan oleh perairan disekitarnya; arus panas Laut Caribbean dan kedudukannya di tengah-tengah perairan yang besar juga menyebabkan Cuba kerap kali mengalami hurikan.

Sejarah tercatat Cuba bermula pada 24 Oktober 1492, ketika Christopher Columbus menemui pulau ini semasa pelayaran sulungnya dan menuntut pulau ini untuk Sepanyol. Ketika itu, pulau ini telah didiami oleh orang-orang Amerindian termasuk bangsa-bangsa Taíno dan Ciboney yang datang dari Amerika Selatan beberapa abad dahulu. Kaum Taino adalah petani, manakala kaum Ciboney adalah pemburu-pemungut. Nama Cuba berasal daripada perkataan bahasa Taíno, cubanacán, yang bermaksud "tempat pusat".

Pantai Cuba dipetakan secara lengkap oleh Sebastian de Ocampo pada tahun 1511. Pada tahun itu, Diego Velazquez de Cuellar mengasaskan petempatan Sepanyol yang pertama di Baracoa. Bandar-bandar yang lain kemudian diasaskan, termasuk Havana pada 1515. Sebagaimana yang dilakukan oleh mereka di seluruh benua Amerika, orang-orang Sepanyol menindas dan mengabdikan hampir 100,000 orang asli di pulau ini. Dalam tempoh satu abad, kesemua orang asli itu tidak wujud lagi, akibat kesan-kesan gabungan yang terdiri daripada penyakit, kerja paksa, dan pembunuhan kaum. Peneroka-peneroka Sepanyol kemudian membawa masuk abdi-abdi Afrika yang tidak lama kemudian merupakan sebahagian besar penduduk-penduduk di Cuba.

Bibliografi

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Castro, Fidel 1972 (editors Bonachea, Rolando E. and Nelson P. Valdéz) Revolutionary Struggle. 1947-1958. MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts and London ISBN 0262020653

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