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Minas Geraes firing the heaviest warship broadside at the time
Minas Geraes firing the heaviest warship broadside at the time

The South American dreadnought race took place in the early twentieth century between Argentina, Brazil and Chile—the three most powerful and wealthy countries in South America. In 1906 the revolutionary British warship HMS Dreadnought made all existing battleships obsolete. Brazil ordered three Minas Geraes-class dreadnoughts (lead ship pictured). These warships would be the most powerful in the world. The incomplete third vessel was sold to the Ottoman Empire in 1913 over economic concerns and a fear that it would be outclassed by even larger super-dreadnoughts. Meanwhile, Argentina and Chile ordered two dreadnoughts each: of the Rivadavia class in 1910 and Almirante Latorre class in 1911, respectively. The outbreak of World War I ended the naval arms race. The Brazilian super-dreadnought Riachuelo was canceled, the two Chilean dreadnoughts were purchased by the British, and Argentina's two dreadnoughts were completed in US yards. (This article is part of a featured topic: South American dreadnought race.)

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William Miller Beardshear
William Miller Beardshear

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Vigil at Southwest Jiaotong University
Vigil in Chengdu for Ürümqi fire victims

On this day

November 30: Saint Andrew's Day (Christianity)

Model of a Turing machine
Model of a Turing machine
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The siege of Kolberg took place from March to July 1807 during the War of the Fourth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars. An army of the First French Empire and several foreign auxiliaries (including Polish insurgents) of France besieged the fortified town of Kolberg, the only remaining Prussian-held fortress in the Province of Pomerania. The siege was ultimately unsuccessful and was lifted upon the announcement of the peace of Tilsit. These three banknotes, in denominations of two, four and eight groschen, were issued by the Prussian authorities in Kolberg as emergency money during the siege. The banknotes are now part of the National Numismatic Collection at the Smithsonian Institution in the United States.

Banknote design credit: Kingdom of Prussia; scanned by Andrew Shiva

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