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Quileute net fishing
Quileute net fishing

United States v. Washington was a 1974 case heard in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. It reaffirmed the reserved right of American Indian tribes in the State of Washington to act alongside the state as co-managers of salmon and other fish, and to continue harvesting them in accordance with the various treaties that the United States had signed with the tribes. The tribes of Washington had ceded their land to the United States but had reserved the right to fish as they always had (pictured), including fishing at their traditional locations that were off the designated reservations. After a long trial, the decision of federal judge George Hugo Boldt held that the tribes were entitled to half the fish harvest each year. In 1975 the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals upheld Judge Boldt's ruling and the U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear the case. After the state refused to enforce the court order, Boldt ordered the Coast Guard to enforce his rulings. In a later case, Justice John Paul Stevens summarized: "Both sides have a right, secured by treaty, to take a fair share of the available fish." (Full article...)

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Hounds on the Scent
Hounds on the Scent

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Typhoon Koppu
Typhoon Koppu

On this day...

October 23: Day of Tasu'a (Islam, 2015); Mole Day

Claude François de Malet
Claude François de Malet
Hilary Swank
Hilary Swank

The 1999 film Boys Don't Cry has won 37 awards from 57 nominations. Boys Don't Cry is based on the life of Brandon Teena, a trans man who was beaten, raped, and murdered in 1993 after his male acquaintances found out that he was transgender. Hilary Swank (pictured) stars as Teena and Chloë Sevigny plays his girlfriend Lana Tisdel. Peter Sarsgaard and Brendan Sexton III portray Teena's two murderers. The film premiered at the Venice International Film Festival on September 3, 1999. The film garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for Swank's performance as Teena, its screenplay and its direction. At the 72nd Academy Awards, Swank won for Best Actress, while Sevigny was nominated for Best Supporting Actress; Swank won for Best Actress – Drama, while Sevigny was nominated for the Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture awards at the 57th Golden Globe Awards. Swank was also nominated for Best Actress in a Leading Role at the 53rd British Academy Film Awards. (Full list...)

Kimmeridge

Kimmeridge is a small village and civil parish on the Isle of Purbeck, a peninsula in Dorset, England. The Kimmeridgian geological age is named after the village, which is also the type locality for Kimmeridge clay. The coastline of the parish forms part of the Jurassic Coast, a World Heritage Site.

Photograph: David Iliff

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