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Table

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Legend
     00.0–5.0%
05.1–10.0%
10.1–15.0%
15.1–20.0%
20.1–25%
00>25.1%


Unemployment rate in SFR Yugoslavia by republic or province 1959–1990
Year Yugoslavia total Developed regions Less-developed regions
Slovenia Croatia Serbia Serbia proper Vojvodina Bosnia and Herzegovina Montenegro Macedonia Kosovo
1959 5.8% 2.4% 5.1% 7.0% 7.3% 4.2% 5.5% 8.5% 10.5% 17.9%
1960 5.5% 2.0% 5.6% 6.1% 6.2% 4.0% 4.2% 6.1% 11.5% 15.4%
1961 6.0% 1.7% 5.8% 6.9% 6.9% 4.3% 4.5% 5.9% 15.0% 19.3%
1962 7.3% 2.0% 6.7% 8.6% 8.5% 6.1% 6.3% 6.3% 15.5% 22.7%
1963 7.2% 1.8% 6.2% 9.8% 9.4% 6.2% 5.8% 6.5% 12.0% 31.6%
1964 6.0% 1.4% 5.6% 7.8% 8.4% 5.2% 4.8% 5.8% 10.0% 14.6%
1965 6.6% 1.8% 6.1% 7.8% 8.2% 4.9% 5.2% 5.7% 15.6% 18.0%
1966 7.4% 2.4% 6.4% 8.4% 7.9% 5.4% 5.7% 6.9% 19.3% 26.6%
1967 7.8% 3.1% 6.6% 8.6% 7.9% 6.2% 6.5% 8.0% 19.9% 25.4%
1968 8.9% 3.8% 7.2% 9.8% 8.9% 7.6% 8.1% 9.2% 22.8% 26.9%
1969 9.1% 3.5% 6.2% 10.9% 10.2% 8.4% 8.5% 8.8% 22.5% 28.4%
1970 8.5% 3.1% 4.9% 10.7% 9.9% 7.6% 7.4% 8.3% 21.9% 32.3%
1971 7.4% 2.7% 4.3% 9.2% 8.7% 6.7% 6.0% 6.5% 21.2% 23.9%
1972 7.7% 2.2% 4.6% 9.6% 9.1% 7.4% 6.7% 7.2% 20.8% 22.8%
1973 9.1% 1.8% 5.2% 11.7% 11.1% 9.2% 8.5% 11.3% 23.0% 26.6%
1974 10.1% 1.5% 5.1% 13.2% 12.9% 10.0% 10.9% 15.0% 25.0% 27.0%
1975 11.6% 1.5% 6.0% 15.1% 14.6% 12.0% 12.9% 17.3% 26.8% 30.7%
1976 13.1% 1.8% 7.1% 17.3% 16.5% 14.4% 14.8% 17.8% 28.2% 34.1%
1977 13.9% 1.7% 7.1% 19.4% 19.0% 15.8% 15.2% 17.3% 26.8% 35.7%
1978 13.9% 1.5% 6.5% 19.6% 19.9% 13.9% 15.8% 19.0% 27.2% 36.8%
1979 13.9% 1.3% 5.8% 19.5% 19.5% 13.8% 16.5% 19.3% 27.5% 37.8%
1980 13.8% 1.4% 5.7% 19.4% 18.9% 14.4% 16.6% 17.5% 27.9% 39.0%
1981 13.8% 1.6% 6.1% 18.7% 17.7% 14.6% 16.7% 18.1% 29.0% 39.1%
1982 14.4% 1.7% 6.9% 19.1% 17.9% 15.1% 17.9% 19.3% 28.1% 41.0%
1983 14.9% 2.0% 7.4% 19.1% 17.3% 15.6% 20.3% 21.6% 26.4% 44.5%
1984 15.7% 1.9% 7.7% 19.5% 17.0% 15.7% 23.0% 23.5% 26.7% 49.9%
1985 16.3% 1.8% 7.9% 20.2% 17.4% 15.7% 24.4% 24.6% 27.6% 54.2%
1986 16.6% 1.7% 7.9% 20.8% 17.9% 15.6% 24.3% 24.6% 27.7% 57.1%
1987 16.1% 1.8% 7.8% 20.3% 17.8% 13.9% 23.1% 23.6% 27.3% 57.0%
1988 16.8% 2.5% 8.5% 20.8% 18.1% 14.3% 24.1% 26.3% 27.1% 57.8%
1989 14.9% 3.2% 8.0% 17.6% 15.6% 13.6% 20.3% 21.6% 21.9% 36.3%
1990* 15.9% 4.8% 8.6% 19.1% 16.4% 16.6% 20.6% 21.6% 22.9% 38.4%

Sources: For 1959–1988 Mencinger "Privredna reforma i nezaposlenost", table 1; For 1988–1990 Statistički godišnjak Jugoslavije (1990), p. 16

GDP

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Source: World Bank database, GDP in current US$, based on World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files

Year GDP (US$ bn) Y-o-y change Debt-to-GDP
1995 22.535
1996 23.847 0+5.8%
1997 23.869 0+0.1%
1998 25.563 0+7.1%
1999 23.457 0–8.2%
2000 21.634 0–7.8%
2001 23.055 0+6.6%
2002 26.814 0+16.3%
2003 34.683 0+29.3%
2004 41.587 0+19.9%
2005 45.377 0+9.1%
2006 50.423 0+11.1%
2007 60.073
2008 70.234
2009 62.600
2010 26.814
2011 59.918
2012 56.581
2013 58.194
2014 57.640
2015 49.526
2016 51.601
2017 55.482
2018 61.375
2019 60.753
2010 55.967
Historical population
YearPop.±%
199723,869—    
199825,563+7.1%
199923,457−8.2%
200021,634−7.8%
200123,055+6.6%
200226,814+16.3%
200334,683+29.3%
200441,587+19.9%
200545,377+9.1%
200650,423+11.1%
2007—    
2008—    

Yugoslavia water polo

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Olympic Games

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Summer Olympic Games
Year Pos. W D L Tournament Head coach Host
1900–1932 Did not participate
Nazi Germany 1936 10th 1 0 2 [[]] Berlin, Germany
United Kingdom 1948 9th 1 2 1 [[]] London, United Kingdom
Finland 1952 2nd 7 3 0 [[]] Helsinki, Finland
Australia 1956 2nd 6 1 1 [[]] Melbourne, Australia
Italy 1960 4th 4 0 2 [[]] Rome, Italy
Japan 1964 2nd 7 2 0 [[]] Tokyo, Japan
Mexico 1968 1st [[]] Aleksandar Seifert Mexico City, Mexico
West Germany 1972 5th [[]] Munich, West Germany
Canada 1976 5th [[]] Montreal, Canada
Soviet Union 1980 2nd Trifun Miro Ćirković Moscow, Soviet Union
United States 1984 1st [[]] Ratko Rudić Los Angeles, United States
South Korea 1988 1st [[]] Ratko Rudić Seoul, South Korea
Event Pld W D L Per. 1st place, gold medalist(s) 2nd place, silver medalist(s) 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) T
Summer Olympic Games 45 29 1 15 .392 1 2 0 3
Total 73 60 60 60 .549 0 1 3 4
  • 1967–1969: Aleksandar Seifert
  • 1971–1976: Vlaho Orlić
  • 1977–1981: Trifun-Miro Ćirković
  • 1981: Milivoj Petković
  • 1984–1988: Ratko Rudić
  • 1988–1991: Nikola Stamenić (and continued to coach FR Yugoslavia / Serbia and Montenegro)
Yugoslavia men's national water polo team at major tournaments
Year Competition Host Pos. Head coach
1927 European Championship Bologna, Italy 9th
1934 European Championship Magdeburg, Germany 5th
1936 Olympic Games Berlin, Germany 10th
1947 European Championship Monte Carlo, Monaco 8th
1948 Olympic Games London, United Kingdom 9th
1950 European Championship Vienna, Austria 3rd
1952 Olympic Games Helsinki, Finland 2nd
1954 European Championship Turin, Italy 2nd
1956 Olympic Games Melbourne, Australia 2nd File Bonačić?
1958 European Championship Budapest, Hungary 2nd
1959 Mediterranean Games Beirut, Lebanon 1st Božo Grkinić
1960 Olympic Games Rome, Italy 4th
1962 European Championship Leipzig, East Germany 2nd
1963 Mediterranean Games Naples, Italy 2nd
1964 Olympic Games Tokyo, Japan 2nd
1966 European Championship Utrecht, Netherlands 3rd Aleksandar Seifert
1967 Mediterranean Games Tunis, Tunisia 1st Aleksandar Seifert
1968 Olympic Games Mexico City, Mexico 1st Aleksandar Seifert
1970 European Championship Barcelona, Spain 3rd ?
1971 Mediterranean Games İzmir, Turkey 1st Aleksandar Seifert (Orlić?)
1972 Olympic Games Munich, West Germany 5th Vlaho Orlić
1973 FINA World Championships Belgrade, Yugoslavia 3rd Vlaho Orlić
1974 European Championship Vienna, Austria 3rd Vlaho Orlić
1975 FINA World Championships Cali, Colombia 13th
Mediterranean Games Algiers, Algeria 2nd Vlaho Orlić
1976 Olympic Games Montreal, Canada 5th
1977 European Championship Jönköping, Sweden 2nd Trifun Miro Ćirković
1978 FINA World Championships Berlin, West Germany 3rd
1979 Water Polo World Cup Belgrade / Rijeka, Yugoslavia 3rd
Mediterranean Games Split, Yugoslavia 1st
1980 Olympic Games Moscow, Soviet Union 2nd
1981 Water Polo World Cup Long Beach, United States 2nd
European Championship Split, Yugoslavia 4th Milivoj Petković
1982 FINA World Championships Guayaquil, Ecuador 7th
1983 European Championship Rome, Italy 4th
Mediterranean Games Casablanca, Morocco 1st
1984 Olympic Games Los Angeles, United States 1st Ratko Rudić
1985 Water Polo World Cup Duisburg, West Germany 4th
European Championship Sofia, Bulgaria 2nd
1986 FINA World Championships Madrid, Spain 1st
1987 Water Polo World Cup Thessaloniki, Greece 1st
European Championship Strasbourg, France 2nd
1988 Olympic Games Seoul, South Korea 1st
1989 Water Polo World Cup Berlin, West Germany 1st Nikola Stamenić
European Championship Bonn, West Germany 2nd
1991 FINA World Championships Perth, Australia 1st
Water Polo World Cup Barcelona, Spain 2nd
Mediterranean Games Athens, Greece 2nd
European Championship Athens, Greece 1st
Event Pld W D L Per. 1st place, gold medalist(s) 2nd place, silver medalist(s) 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) T
Summer Olympic Games 45 29 1 15 .392 1 2 0 3
Total 73 60 60 60 .549 0 1 3 4

Judo

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Medal summary

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Men's events

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Games Gold Silver Bronze
Lightweight
63 kg
Giuseppe Vismara
 Italy
Stanko Topolčnik
 Yugoslavia
Ali Demir
 Turkey
Rafael Ortega Fernández
 Spain
Half middleweight
70 kg
Alfredo Vismara
 Italy
Süheyl Yeşilnur
 Turkey
Fernando Murillo Perez
 Spain
Abdou Mohamed Elsayed
 Egypt
Middleweight
80 kg
Slobodan Kraljević
 Yugoslavia
Andrés Coruña Melián
 Spain
Namik Ekin
 Turkey
Libero Galimberti
 Italy
Half-heavyweight
93 kg
Goran Žuvela
 Yugoslavia
Kamil Korucu
 Turkey
Ali Soumer
 Tunisia
Miguel Ángel Tejera
 Spain
Heavyweight
+100 kg
Santiago Ojeda
 Spain
Pavle Bajetić
 Yugoslavia
M. Ali Berber
 Turkey
Tijini Benkassou
 Morocco

MG judo medal tables

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1971

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RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Yugoslavia (YUG)2204
2 Italy (ITA)2013
3 Spain (ESP)1135
4 Turkey (TUR)0235
5 Egypt (EGY)0011
 Morocco (MAR)0011
 Tunisia (TUN)0011
Totals (7 entries)551020

1975

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RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 France (FRA)2215
2 Yugoslavia (YUG)2035
3 Italy (ITA)1214
4 Spain (ESP)1113
5 Turkey (TUR)0123
6 Egypt (EGY)0022
7 Algeria (ALG)0011
 Morocco (MAR)0011
Totals (8 entries)661224

1979

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RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 France (FRA)4127
2 Yugoslavia (YUG)3227
3 Italy (ITA)1326
4 Spain (ESP)0112
5 Morocco (MAR)0101
6 Tunisia (TUN)0033
 Turkey (TUR)0033
8 Egypt (EGY)0022
9 Algeria (ALG)0011
Totals (9 entries)881632

1983

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RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 France (FRA)5218
2 Italy (ITA)3216
3 Yugoslavia (YUG)0156
4 Spain (ESP)0123
5 Morocco (MAR)0112
6 Tunisia (TUN)0101
7 Egypt (EGY)0033
8 Algeria (ALG)0011
 Greece (GRE)0011
 Turkey (TUR)0011
Totals (10 entries)881632

1987

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RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 France (FRA)4318
2 Egypt (EGY)2002
3 Italy (ITA)1157
4 Algeria (ALG)1012
5 Yugoslavia (YUG)0134
6 Spain (ESP)0123
7 Turkey (TUR)0112
8 Syria (SYR)0101
9 Tunisia (TUN)0022
10 Morocco (MAR)0011
Totals (10 entries)881632

1991

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RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 France (FRA)3306
2 Italy (ITA)2237
3 Egypt (EGY)1102
4 Algeria (ALG)1023
5 Yugoslavia (YUG)0112
6 Greece (GRE)0033
 Turkey (TUR)0033
8 Spain (ESP)0011
 Tunisia (TUN)0011
Totals (9 entries)771428

Slovenia ForMin

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No. Foreign Minister Birth–Death Took office Left office Time in office Party Cabinet
1 Dimitrij Rupel born 1946 16 May 1990 25 January 1993 2 years, 254 days SDZ Peterle
2 Lojze Peterle born 1948 25 January 1993 31 October 1994 1 year, 279 days SKD
3 Zoran Thaler born 1962 26 January 1995 16 May 1996 LDS
4 Davorin Kračun born 1950 19 July 1996 27 February 1997
Zoran Thaler (2nd term) born 1962 27 February 1997 25 September 1997 LDS
5 Boris Frlec born 1936 25 September 1997 2 February 2000
Dimitrij Rupel (2nd term) born 1946 2 February 2000 7 June 2000
Lojze Peterle (2nd term) born 1948 7 June 2000 30 November 2000
Dimitrij Rupel (3rd term) born 1946 30 November 2000 6 July 2004
6 Ivo Vajgl born 1943 6 July 2004 3 December 2004
Dimitrij Rupel (4th term) born 1946 3 December 2004 7 November 2008
7 Samuel Žbogar b. 1962 21 November 2008 20 September 2011
8 Karl Erjavec b. 1960 10 February 2012 13 September 2018
9 Miro Cerar born 1963 13 September 2018 13 March 2020
10 Anže Logar b. 1976 13 March 2020 1 June 2022
11 Tanja Fajon b. 1971 1 June 2022

Jadrolinija

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Ship Type Launched Acquired Gross tonnage (GT) Shipyard Ref
MF Dubrovnik Ro-Ro / Passenger 1978 1996 9,795 Republic of Ireland Cork, Verholme Dockyard
MF Zadar Ro-Ro / Passenger 1993 2004 9,487 Spain Vigo, Barreras Shipyard [1]
MF Marko Polo Ro-Ro / Passenger 1973 1988 France Le Havre, ACH
MF Lastovo 1970 1978 1,114 Japan Imabari, Kurushima Dock
MF Bartol Kašić 1989 1989 2,296 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Kraljevica, Titovo Brodogradilište

Pertsch

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Matteo Pertsch nacque nel 1769 (1770 o 1774, secondo altre fonti) a Buchhorn sul Lago di Costanza da una famiglia di origine tedesca e lasciò la sua patria nel 1790 per frequentare l'Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera a Milano. Nello stesso periodo era attivo nel capoluogo lombardo il maggior maestro del Neoclassicismo italiano, Giuseppe Piermarini (professore a Brera tra il 1774 e il 1799 e architetto del Teatro alla Scala di Milano) e la sua lezione lasciò sicuramente un'impronta profonda sul giovane Pertsch. Nel 1794 Matteo vinse il Primo Premio d'Architettura nel concorso dell'Accademia Ducale di Belle Arti di Parma con un progetto per una Zecca Reale. Le speranze d'essere assunto all'Accademia milanese svanirono con l'occupazione francese di Milano e Pertsch fu costretto a riparare a Bergamo.

Arrivò a Trieste chiamato «per erigere la grandiosa sua fabbrica sul Canal Grande» dal greco Demetrio Carciotti, commerciante stabilitosi a Trieste nel 1775. La fiorente attività triestina di Pertsch cominciò, quindi, nel 1798 come Privat-Architekt con un lavoro decisamente importante: nello stesso anno l'architetto presentò i disegni per quella che sarà considerata da Giuseppe Righetti «l'opera più bella di Pertsch, più maestosa, più grande […] la grande casa, o vogliamo dire palazzo di Demetrio Carciotti, ricco e generoso negoziante greco.[…] il suo prospetto verso il mare, rimane tuttora [1865 N.d.A.] l'unica opera architettonica d'un privato, rimarchevole per sontuosità, per bellezza, per ricchezza e pel movimento ed effetto prospettivo che trovasi in Trieste, la quale facciata giustamente fece dare al tutto il pomposo nome di palazzo».

Il sovrintendente alle costruzioni fu Giovanni Righetti e l'autore delle sculture fu Antonio Bosa, allievo di Antonio Canova. I lavori terminarono solo nel 1806 (nonostante in facciata compaia la data 1800); si sa per certo che Pertsch adottò in questo suo progetto le misure antincendio promulgate nel 1801.

Nel 1799, Pertsch partecipò al concorso indetto dal ceto mercantile per «erigere un edificio ad uno di Borsa, meritevole di testimoniare ai tardi nipoti la prosperità ed il trionfo delle conservate franchigie e la dichiarazione di porto franco colla trinità commerciale»[2], ma l'Accademia di Parma preferì i disegni di Antonio Mollari. Secondo la testimonianza di Giovanni Righetti, però, nel progetto definitivo furono accettati alcuni suggerimenti del Pertsch.

Nello stesso anno iniziò i lavori al Teatro Nuovo di Trieste, progettato dal famoso architetto veneziano Giannantonio Selva (autore del Teatro La Fenice a Venezia): Pertsch, impegnato ancora nei lavori di Palazzo Carciotti, fu incaricato di realizzare un'imponente facciata in adattamento del nuovo piano imposto dal Governo di Vienna. Con questa opera architettonica Matteo Pertsch dimostrò la sua indipendenza artistica e la sua capacità di adattamento alle condizioni edilizie precostituite, nonostante il suo lavoro denoti sensibili somiglianze con il Teatro alla Scala del Piermarini e con altri esempi lombardi.

Una tra le opere più interessanti e originali del Pertsch è la Rotonda Pancera, edificio a facciata semicircolare. I lavori di costruzioni furono affidati al ticinese Giovanni Righetti. La costruzione della Rotonda è da datarsi, tra l'altro, attorno al 1805: questo spiegherebbe l'affinità stilistica col Palazzo Carciotti, terminato lo stesso anno.

Nel 1807 Pertsch abbandonò Trieste in seguito all'occupazione francese per trasferirsi a Graz, guadagnando una certa fama anche in Stiria e in Carniola con opere sia pubbliche che private. Ritornò a Trieste nel 1817 per non allontanarsene più, continuando la fiorente attività che aveva lasciato dieci anni prima. Una spiegazione per il gran numero di incarichi affidati al Pertsch all'inizio del XIX secolo ci viene ancora dal Righetti: «Aveva quell'artista una profonda pratica nelle costruzioni che dava ai suoi lavori quella conveniente solidità, senza eccedere ad inutili e grandi spese, sapeva altresì ovviare ai difetti nei quali incorrono più volte i tecnici. A quanto ci consta egli fu uno dei primi che introducesse i più notevoli miglioramenti nelle costruzioni muratorie, e nei sistemi e forme dei ferramenti delle porte e finestre, come sarebbero le spagnolette, le bandelle e le toppe incassate nella grossezza del legno, ed altre. Per le quali cose egli salì in tanta reputazione, che ne era soverchiato di commissione tecniche-artistiche, e gli artieri tutti avevano in lui cotanta fiducia, che quasi ne era divenuto il comun padre o protagonista; e diversi furono i capi-maestri che da lui si formarono»[1]. Tra questi edifici possiamo ricordare la Casa Covacevich (già Mauroner - 1821), la Casa Steiner in Corso Italia (1824) e la cosiddetta Casa Recher (1833), demolita nel 1911.

Matteo Pertsch intervenne con progetti e proposte nella costruzione del cimitero cattolico di Sant'Anna attorno al 1822 e già prima aveva eseguito lavori di geometra nella parte nord-occidentale dello stesso, atti alla costruzione del cimitero della comunità greco-orientale, per la quale progettò e costruì anche la facciata e due campanili della chiesa di San Nicolò (1819). Dal 1820 la Deputazione di Borsa si rivolse a lui quale consigliere, perito o imprenditore per vari incarichi, affidandogli anche diversi progetti poi non realizzati per i più svariati motivi. Contrariamente a quanto detto da molti, il faro della Vecchia Lanterna non fu opera di Pietro Nobile ma del Pertsch, che presentò tra il 1824 e il 1831 almeno sei progetti per la realizzazione. Proprio nel 1831 Pietro Nobile, della Direzione Aulica delle Fabbriche di Vienna, avallò l'inizio dei lavori.

L'attività del Pertsch si orientò anche in altre direzioni: fu "stimatore di stabili e pubblico perito delle costruzioni" e intervenne nel pubblico interesse su diversi problemi e proposte per la costruzione delle carceri e per l'approvvigionamento dell'acqua potabile. Prestò la sua opera al Governo e al Magistrato e venne chiamato a far parte di varie commissioni comunali. Per due anni tenne la cattedra di Architettura Civile alla Scuola reale e di nautica (inaugurata nel 1818). Fu inoltre accolto in molte Accademie in qualità di Membro d'Onore, come quella di San Luca in Roma (1825) e poi alle Belle Arti di Firenze (1825), Venezia (1826), Parma, Bologna e Napoli (1827).

La vasta esperienza in campo architettonico gli diede l'occasione di escogitare vere e proprie invenzioni, come ad esempio le canne fumarie di pietra forata al posto dei consueti camini in muratura, l'adozione di focolai economici e graticole di selezione delle spazzature. Tradusse dal tedesco il Saggio sulle proprietà e sugli effetti delle volte dell'architetto Karl Friedrich Meerwein, con una dedica al Conte Gabriele di Porcia e una prefazione.

Giuseppe Righetti disse di Pertsch: «Fu uomo ben versato nella storia delle arti, nella geometria, nella meccanica, ed anche nelle belle lettere. I suoi concetti architettonici sono graziosi, armonici, svariati e caratteristici al soggetto. Amava l'applicazione degli ordini nei scomparti nelle facciate con archi e finestre arcuate con bassorilievi, imposte e conciamenti di buone profilazioni e risentite.»[1]

Nel 1802 Pertsch sposò Maddalena Vogel che gli diede quattro figli e tre figlie. Tre dei maschi seguirono le orme del padre sulla strada dell'arte, tra loro Nicolò continuò l'attività architettonica specialmente a Trieste, avendo ottenuto l'autorizzazione prescritta nel 1835.

L'allievo più importante di Matteo Pertsch fu Antonio Buttazzoni (1800-1848) che iniziò la carriera nel suo studio e frequentò per più di due anni l'Accademia di Brera. L'influenza del maestro non fu mai nascosta da Buttazzoni, che dal 1824 lavorò molto, soprattutto a Lubiana.

Nonostante gli atteggiamenti spesso non accomodanti verso le autorità e gli screzi accidentali con i propri colleghi (tra cui Pietro Nobile e Giuseppe Sforzi), Matteo Pertsch godeva a Trieste della massima considerazione sia nel settore pubblico che in quello privato. Giuseppe Righetti fornì, a tal proposito, alcune interessanti informazioni sulla persona del Pertsch: «Il carattere di M. Pertsch era quale lo preconizza Vitruvio agli architetti; cioè onesto, leale, prudente, benefico, affabile e manieroso con tutti senza ostentazione: ascoltava e ne faceva profitto delle altrui opinioni e consigli; sapeva distinguere le capacità e proteggerle, trovare i virtuosi e divenirne amico. Tanto era addottrinato nell'arte, che diede alla luce un'interessante operetta intorno alla costruzione delle volte, se ben la memoria non c'inganna. Siccome poi in età provetta era sofferente in salute, eccedeva bensì talora in causticità ed irritazione, ma tosto se ne ricomponeva.»

Matteo Pertsch morì in seguito ad una lunga malattia all'età di circa 60 anni l'11 aprile 1834.

Eng

[edit]

Pertsch was born in 1769 (or 1770 or 1774, according to various sources) in the Free Imperial City of Buchhorn on Lake Constance (present-day Friedrichshafen in southern Germany, close to the borders with Switzerland and Austria) to a family of German origin. He left his homeland in 1790 to attend the Brera Academy of Fine Arts in Milan, then the capital of Lombardy ruled by Austrian Habsburgs.

During his time at Brera, he was influenced by Giuseppe Piermarini, considered one of the great masters of Italian Neoclassicism (Piermarini taught at Brera between 1774 and 1799, and during this period designed the famous La Scala theatre, built in 1778). In 1794 Pertsch won First Prize in a competition organized by the Ducal Academy of Fine Arts of Parma with his project for the Royal Mint. However, his hopes that he would get employment at Brera after graduation vanished following the French occupation of Milan in 1796, which led Pertsch to move Bergamo.

He arrived in Trieste in 1798, upon invitation by Demetrio Carciotti, a wealthy Greek merchant. Carciotti had settled in Trieste in 1775 and wanted Pertsch to design a grandiose residence for him on the mouth of the Canal Grande, a prime location facing the city's waterfront.

called "to erect his grandiose factory on the Grand Canal" by the Greek Demetrio Carciotti, a merchant who settled in Trieste in 1775. Pertsch's flourishing Trieste business began, therefore, in 1798 as Privat-Architekt with a decidedly important job: in the same year the architect presented the drawings for what will be considered by Giuseppe Righetti "the most beautiful work of Pertsch, the most majestic, the largest [...] the great house, or we mean the palace of Demetrio Carciotti, rich and generous Greek shopkeeper . [...] its façade towards the sea still remains [1865 NdA] the only architectural work of a private individual, remarkable for its sumptuousness, beauty, richness and movement and perspective effect found in Trieste, which facade rightly he had everything given the pompous name of palace ».

The superintendent of the buildings was Giovanni Righetti and the author of the sculptures was Antonio Bosa, a pupil of Antonio Canova. The works ended only in 1806 (although the date 1800 appears on the facade); it is known for certain that Pertsch adopted the fire prevention measures promulgated in 1801 in this project.

In 1799, Pertsch participated in the competition held by the merchant class to "erect a building for a stock exchange, worthy of witnessing to the late grandchildren the prosperity and triumph of the preserved franchises and the declaration of free port with the commercial trinity", but the Academy of Parma preferred the designs of Antonio Mollari. According to the testimony of Giovanni Righetti, however, some suggestions of Pertsch were accepted in the final project.

In the same year, work began on the Teatro Nuovo in Trieste, designed by the famous Venetian architect Giannantonio Selva (author of the Teatro La Fenice in Venice): Pertsch, still working on the Palazzo Carciotti, was commissioned to create an imposing facade in adaptation of the new plan imposed by the Government of Vienna. With this architectural work Matteo Pertsch demonstrated his artistic independence and his ability to adapt to pre-established building conditions, despite his work denoting significant similarities with Piermarini's Teatro alla Scala and other Lombard examples.

One of Pertsch's most interesting and original works is the Rotonda Pancera, a building with a semicircular facade. The construction works were entrusted to Giovanni Righetti from Ticino. The construction of the Rotonda is to be dated, among other things, around 1805: this would explain the stylistic affinity with Palazzo Carciotti, completed the same year.

In 1807 Pertsch left Trieste following the French occupation to move to Graz, gaining a certain fame also in Styria and in Carniola with both public and private works. He returned to Trieste in 1817 to never leave it, continuing the flourishing business he had left ten years earlier. An explanation for the large number of assignments entrusted to Pertsch at the beginning of the nineteenth century still comes to us from Righetti: "That artist had a profound practice in construction that gave his works that convenient solidity, without exceeding unnecessary and large expenses, he also knew how to remedy the defects that technicians run into several times. As far as we know he was one of the first who introduced the most notable improvements in masonry constructions, and in the systems and forms of the fittings of doors and windows, such as the espagnolette, the hinges and the patches embedded in the thickness of the wood, and others. For which he gained such a reputation, that he was overwhelmed by technical-artistic commissions, and the artists all had such great confidence in him, that he had almost become his common father or protagonist; and various were the chief teachers who were formed by him "[1]. Among these buildings we can remember the Casa Covacevich (formerly Mauroner - 1821), the Casa Steiner in Corso Italia (1824) and the so-called Casa Recher (1833), demolished in 1911.

Matteo Pertsch intervened with projects and proposals in the construction of the Catholic cemetery of Sant'Anna around 1822 and already before he had carried out works as a surveyor in the north-western part of the same, suitable for the construction of the cemetery of the Greek-Eastern community, for which he designed and he also built the facade and two bell towers of the church of San Nicolò (1819). From 1820 the Stock Exchange Deputation turned to him as adviser, expert or entrepreneur for various assignments, also entrusting him with various projects which were not realized for various reasons. Contrary to what many have said, the Old Lantern lighthouse was not the work of Pietro Nobile but of Pertsch, who presented at least six projects for its construction between 1824 and 1831. Precisely in 1831 Pietro Nobile, of the Aulic Direction of the Vienna Factories, endorsed the start of the works.

Pertsch's activity was also oriented in other directions: he was an "appraiser of buildings and a public construction expert" and intervened in the public interest on various problems and proposals for the construction of prisons and for the supply of drinking water. He lent his work to the Government and the Magistrate and was called to be part of various municipal commissions. For two years he held the chair of Civil Architecture at the Royal and Nautical School (inaugurated in 1818). He was also accepted in many Academies as an Honorary Member, such as that of San Luca in Rome (1825) and then at the Fine Arts of Florence (1825), Venice (1826), Parma, Bologna and Naples (1827).

The vast experience in the architectural field gave him the opportunity to devise real inventions, such as the perforated stone flues instead of the usual masonry fireplaces, the adoption of economic fireplaces and rubbish sorting grates. He translated from German the Essay on the properties and effects of the vaults by the architect Karl Friedrich Meerwein, with a dedication to Count Gabriele di Porcia and a preface.

Giuseppe Righetti said of Pertsch: «He was a man well versed in the history of the arts, in geometry, in mechanics, and also in fine literature. His architectural concepts are graceful, harmonious, varied and characteristic of the subject. He loved the application of the orders in the compartments in the facades with arches and arched windows with bas-reliefs, shutters and tannings of good profiling and resentful.

In 1802 Pertsch married Maddalena Vogel who bore him four sons and three daughters. Three of the males followed in their father's footsteps on the road to art, among them Nicolò continued his architectural activity especially in Trieste, having obtained the prescribed authorization in 1835.

Matteo Pertsch's most important pupil was Antonio Buttazzoni (1800-1848) who began his career in his studio and attended the Brera Academy for more than two years. The master's influence was never hidden by Buttazzoni, who worked a lot from 1824, especially in Ljubljana.

Despite the often non-accommodating attitudes towards the authorities and the accidental disagreements with his colleagues (including Pietro Nobile and Giuseppe Sforzi), Matteo Pertsch enjoyed the highest consideration in Trieste both in the public and in the private sector. Giuseppe Righetti provided, in this regard, some interesting information on the person of Pertsch: «The character of M. Pertsch was as Vitruvius predicts it to architects; that is, honest, loyal, prudent, beneficial, affable and mannered with everyone without ostentation: he listened and took advantage of the opinions and advice of others; he knew how to distinguish abilities and protect them, find the virtuous and befriend them. He was so indoctrinated in art that he gave birth to an interesting work about the construction of the vaults, if his memory does not deceive us. Since he was suffering in health at a test age, he went too far but sometimes in causticity and irritation, but he soon recovered. "

Matteo Pertsch died following a long illness at the age of about 60 on 11 April 1834.

Airports

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Timbouctou/Economy is located in Yugoslavia
ZAG
ZAG
BEG
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SPU
SPU
SJJ
SJJ
LJU
LJU
TGD
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SKP
SKP
PRN
PRN
DBV
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TVT
TVT
Locations of top 10 airports by passenger traffic in 2019
# Country Airport City / town IATA ICAO 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2020–21 change
1  SRB Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport Belgrade BEG LYBE 4,776,110 4,924,992 5,343,420 5,641,105 6,159,000 1,904,025 3,286,000 Increase 72.6%
2  KOS Pristina International Airport Pristina PRN BKPR 1,549,198 1,744,202 1,885,136 2,165,749 2,373,698 1,102,091 Decrease 53.4%
3  CRO Zagreb Airport Zagreb ZAG LDZA 2,587,798 2,776,087 3,092,047 3,366,310 3,435,531 913,703 1,404,478 Increase 53.7%
4  MKD Skopje International Airport Skopje SKP LWSK 1,452,465 1,649,374 1,868,272 2,158,258 2,358,548 710,711 Decrease 70.0%
5  CRO Split Airport Split SPU LDSP 1,955,400 2,289,987 2,818,176 3,124,067 3,301,930 659,350 Decrease 79.8%
6  MNE Podgorica Airport Podgorica TGD LYPG 748,899 873,278 1,055,142 1,208,525 1,297,365 343,187 Decrease 73.5%
7  CRO Dubrovnik Airport Dubrovnik DBV LDDU 1,693,934 1,993,243 2,323,065 2,539,412 2,896,277 322,601 Decrease 88.8%
8  SLO Ljubljana Jože Pučnik Airport Ljubljana LJU LJLJ 1,464,579 1,411,476 1,688,558 1,818,229 1,721,355 288,235 Decrease 83.3%
9  BIH Sarajevo International Airport Sarajevo SJJ LQSA 772,904 838,968 957,971 1,046,635 1,143,680 249,642 767,133 Increase 307.3%
10  BIH Tuzla International Airport Tuzla TZL LQTZ 259,074 311,398 535,834 584,589 593,083 228,425 Decrease 61.5%
11  MNE Tivat Airport Tivat TIV LYTV 895,050 979,432 1,129,720 1,245,999 1,367,282 189,815 Decrease 86.1%
12  SRB Niš Constantine the Great Airport Niš INI LYNI 36,200 124,917 331,582 351,582 422,255 154,233 146,296 Decrease 5.1%
13  CRO Zadar Airport Zadar ZAD LDZD 487,652 520,924 589,841 603,819 801,347 111,179 Decrease 85.8%
14  CRO Pula Airport Pula PUY LDPL 359,426 436,121 595,812 717,187 777,568 78,832 Decrease 89.7%
15  MKD Ohrid St. Paul the Apostle Airport Ohrid OHD LWOH 107,916 145,002 159,072 184,283 317,397 72,125 Decrease 77.3%
16  BIH Banja Luka International Airport Banja Luka BNX LQBK 22,800 21,694 20,867 36,180 149,693 43,775 139,886 Increase 319.5%
17  CRO Rijeka Airport Rijeka RJK LDRI 139,718 145,297 142,111 183,606 200,841 25,460 Decrease 87.1%
18  CRO Osijek Airport Osijek OSI LDOS 28,651 30,605 43,373 67,235 46,361 6,382 Decrease 86.0%
19  CRO Brač Airport Brač BWK LDSB 8,809 12,354 21,596 30,170 25,339 3,369 Decrease 85.8%
20  BIH Mostar International Airport Mostar OMO LQMO 75,024 53,618 43,118 28,463 32,866 1,374 Decrease 95.8%
21  CRO Lošinj Airport Mali Lošinj LSZ LDLO 12,287 6,402 6,042 6,939 6,495 1,156 Decrease 65.8%
TOTAL 19,433,894 20,503,471 24,650,755 27,108,342 29,427,911 7,409,670 Decrease 74.8%

Quality of Life

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  • Nine factors were analyzed: business and work, environment, social and personal hardship, education, training, human capital, population, income and wealth, security, health and leisure. At the top of the ranking of quality of life is Parma, but in general the first places are dominated by the provinces of the North, while Crotone is at the bottom.
  • 2021 ranking (followed by 2020 rank)
  • 1 - Parma (39)
  • 2- Trento
  • 3- Bolzano
  • 4 - Bologna
  • 5 - Milano (45)
  • 6 - Firenze (31)
  • 7 - Trieste (47)
  • 8 - Verona
  • 9 - Pordenone
  • 10 - Monza (15)
  • 18 - Bergamo
  • 21 - Brescia
  • 25 - Pisa (36)
  • 26 - Cremona
  • 30 - Mantua
  • 32 - Lecco
  • 35 - Sondrio
  • 42 - Gorizia (44)
  • 46 - Udine
  • 49 - Pavia (53)
  • 50 - Lodi
  • 53 - Varese
  • 54 - Roma (50)
  • 62 - Como
  • 71 - Pistoia (61)
  • 102 - Vibo Valentia (101)
  • 103 - Foggia (107)
  • 106 - Napoli
  • 107 - Crotone (106)
Rank
(2021)
Province Code Region
Population
(2021)
2020–21
change
1 Parma PR Emilia-Romagna 38 +38
2 Trento TN Trentino-South Tyrol 0
3 Bolzano BZ 5 +5
4 Bologna BO Emilia-Romagna 23 +23
5 Milan MI Lombardy 40 +40
6 Florence FI Tuscany 25 +25
7 Trieste TS Friuli-Venezia Giulia 40 +40
8 Verona VR Veneto 2 –2
9 Pordenone PN Friuli-Venezia Giulia 8 –8
10 Monza and Brianza MB Lombardy 5 +5
11 Padua PD Veneto 7 –7
12 Siena SI Tuscany 2 –2
13 Aosta AO Aosta Valley 0
14 Treviso TV Veneto 7 –7
15 Modena MO Emilia-Romagna 19 +19
16 Reggio Emilia RE Emilia-Romagna 22 +22
17 Vicenza VI Veneto 14 –14
18 Bergamo BG Lombardy 22 +22
19 Turin TO Piedmont 45 +45
20 Verbano-Cusio-Ossola VB Piedmont 8 –8
21 Brescia BS Lombardy 0
22 Macerata MC Marche 11 –11
23 Cuneo CN Piedmont 9 –9
24 Ferrara FE Emilia-Romagna 22 +22
25 Pisa PI Tuscany 11 +11
26 Cremona CR Lombardy 48 +48
27 Ascoli Piceno AP Marche 22 –22
28 Venice VE Veneto 2 +2
29 Ravenna RA Emilia-Romagna 22 +22
30 Mantua MN Lombardy 7 –7
31 Grosseto GR Tuscany 27 +27
32 Lecco LC Lombardy 6 –6
33 Arezzo AR Tuscany 15 +15
34 Terni TR Umbria 1 +1
35 Sondrio SO Lombardy 7 –7
36 Novara NO Piedmont 6 +6
37 Forlì-Cesena FC Emilia-Romagna 8 –8
38 Biella BI Piedmont 14 –14
39 Ancona AN Marche 7 –7
40 Genoa GE Liguria 12 +12
41 Belluno BL Veneto 22 –22
42 Gorizia GO Friuli-Venezia Giulia 2 +2
43 Piacenza PC Emilia-Romagna 30 +30
44 Fermo FM Marche 26 –26
45 Lucca LU Tuscany 22 +22
46 Udine UD Friuli-Venezia Giulia 37 –37
47 Livorno LI Tuscany 22 +22
48 Savona SV Liguria 7 +7
49 Pavia PV Lombardy 4 +4
50 Lodi LO Lombardy 30 +30
51 Massa and Carrara MS Tuscany 11 +11
52 Perugia PG Umbria 9 –9
53 Varese VA Lombardy 37 –37
54 Rome RM Lazio 4 –4
55 Matera MT Basilicata 1 –1
56 Pesaro and Urbino PU Marche 7 –7
57 Vercelli VC Piedmont 2 +2
58 Rovigo RO Veneto 38 –38
59 Prato PO Tuscany 34 –34
60 Teramo TE Abruzzo 3 –3
61 Rimini RN Emilia-Romagna 7 +7
62 Como CO Lombardy 45 –45
63 Asti AT Piedmont 0
64 Rieti RI Lazio 27 –27
65 La Spezia SP Liguria 1 +1
66 Imperia IM Liguria 11 +11
67 Chieti CH Abruzzo 11 –11
68 L'Aquila AQ Abruzzo 46 –46
69 Potenza PZ Basilicata 28 –28
70 Viterbo VT Lazio 14 +14
71 Pistoia PT Tuscany 10 –10
72 Alessandria AL Piedmont 4 +4
73 Pescara PE Abruzzo 8 +8
74 Cagliari CA Sardinia 3 –3
75 Isernia IS Molise 4 +4
76 Avellino AV Campania 6 –6
77 Salerno SA Campania 6 +6
78 Campobasso CB Molise 13 –13
79 Benevento BN Campania 46 –46
80 Frosinone FR Lazio 7 +7
81 Sassari SS Sardinia 9 –9
82 Latina LT Lazio 3 +3
83 Catanzaro CZ Calabria 1 –1
84 Ragusa RG Sicily 16 +16
85 Nuoro NU Sardinia 25 –25
86 Bari BA Apulia 2 +2
87 Lecce LE Apulia 1 –1
88 Oristano OR Sardinia 13 –13
89 Reggio Calabria RC Calabria 11 –11
90 Brindisi BR Apulia 1 –1
91 South Sardinia SU Sardinia 5 +5
92 Trapani TP Sicily 3 +3
93 Cosenza CS Calabria 2 –2
94 Caserta CE Campania 1 –1
95 Agrigento AG Sicily 10 +10
96 Enna EN Sicily 6 +6
97 Barletta-Andria-Trani BT Apulia 1 +1
98 Messina ME Sicily 8 –8
99 Palermo PA Sicily 0
100 Catania CT Sicily 8 –8
101 Caltanissetta CL Sicily 4 –4
102 Vibo Valentia VV Calabria 1 –1
103 Taranto TA Apulia 9 –9
104 Syracuse SR Sicily 0
105 Foggia FG Apulia 2 +2
106 Naples NA Campania 3 –3
107 Crotone KR Calabria 1 –1

WCOL 2021

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Rank (2021)
City Country
Rank (2020)
Rank (2019)
Rank (2018)
1 Tel Aviv Israel 5= 10= 9
2 Paris France 1= 1= 2=
3 Singapore Singapore 4 1= 1
4 Zurich Switzerland 1= 4 2=
5 Hong Kong China (SAR) 1= 1= 4
6 New York United States 7= 7=
7 Geneva Switzerland 7= 5= 6=
8 Copenhagen Denmark 9= 7= 8
9 Los Angeles United States 9= 10=
10 Osaka Japan 5= 5=
Seoul South Korea 7= 6=
Oslo Norway 5
Sydney Australia 10

DR Congo

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9th Summit

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Participants

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  1. ^ "M/F Zadar". Ferry-Site.dk. Retrieved 25 October 2021.