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Listings Formerly Located in Downtown/Midtown Detroit

[edit]

The following listings were located in Detroit at the time they were placed on the Register, but have since moved to other locations.

Name on the
Register
Image Location
when listed
Location
current
Description

Listings Formerly Located in Downtown/Midtown Detroit

[edit]

The following listings were located in Downtown / Midtown Detroit at the time they were placed on the Register, but have since moved to other locations.

Name on the
Register
Image Date listed Current Location Location when Listed Description
1 Columbia (Steamer)
alt=A ship on the water, the stack belching a column of black smoke.
Columbia (Steamer)
November 2, 1979
(#79001171)
Marine A Grain Elevator, Buffalo River at Silo City Row, Buffalo, New York
42°51′39″N 78°51′44″W / 42.860878°N 78.862312°W / 42.860878; -78.862312 (Columbia (Steamer))
661 Civic Center Dr (Downtown) 42°19'28"N 83°03'02"W This passenger steamship carried passengers to Bois Blanc Island (Boblo) for the Detroit & Windsor Ferry Company, and is one of the last remaining examples of her kind. Designed by Frank E. Kirby, noted naval architect.[1] The Columbia and her sister ship, the Ste. Claire were docking at downtown Detroit in 1979 when they were listed in the National Register. They are the last two remaining turn-of-the-century excursion steamships in existence. They were docked at downtown Detroit in 1979 when they were listed in the National Register. After Boblo service ended in 1991 they were relocated to the Nicholson Terminal and Dock Company, 360 E Great Lakes St, Ecorse, Wayne County, Michigan, where they became National Historic Landmarks in 1992. In September 2014 the Columbia was relocated to Toledo, Ohio, for repairs, then in August 2015 was moved to Buffalo, New York,[2] where it is being prepared for an eventual move to the Hudson River.[3]
2 Ste. Claire (Steamer)
A large ferry, loaded with passengers
Ste. Claire (Steamer)
November 2, 1979
(#79001177)
Rouge River south bank, east of S. Dix Street Bridge, Detroit (Southwest)
42°17′45″N 83°09′02″W / 42.295833°N 83.150556°W / 42.295833; -83.150556 (Ste. Claire (Steamer))
661 Civic Center Dr (Downtown) 42°19'27"N 83°03'06"W Designed by naval architect Frank E. Kirby. Between 1910 and 1991, the Ste. Claire ferried passengers to Bois Blanc Island (Boblo) for the Detroit & Windsor Ferry Company.[4] The Ste. Claire and her sister ship, the Columbia were docking at downtown Detroit in 1979 when they were listed in the National Register. After Boblo service ended in 1991 they were relocated to the Nicholson Terminal and Dock Company, 360 E Great Lakes St, Ecorse, Wayne County, Michigan, where they became National Historic Landmarks in 1992. The Ste. Claire was moved to Toledo, Ohio in 2003,[5] but returned to Ecorse a few years later.[6] In 2016 she was docked in the Rouge River in Detroit.

Listings Formerly Located in Wayne County, Michigan

[edit]

The following listings were located in Wayne County outside of Detroit at the time they were placed on the Register, but have since moved to other locations.

Name on the
Register
Image Date listed Current Location Location when Listed Description
1 Columbia (Steamer)
alt=A ship on the water, the stack belching a column of black smoke.
Columbia (Steamer)
July 6, 1992
(#79001171)
Marine A Grain Elevator, Buffalo River at Silo City Row, Buffalo, New York
42°51′39″N 78°51′44″W / 42.860878°N 78.862312°W / 42.860878; -78.862312 (Columbia (Steamer))
360 E Great Lakes St, Ecorse 42°15'39"N 83°07'30"W This passenger steamship carried passengers to Bois Blanc Island (Boblo) for the Detroit & Windsor Ferry Company, and is one of the last remaining examples of her kind. Designed by Frank E. Kirby, noted naval architect.[7] The Columbia and her sister ship, the Ste. Claire, were docking at 661 Civic Center Dr in downtown Detroit in 1979 when they were listed in the National Register. They are the last two remaining turn-of-the-century excursion steamships in existence. After Boblo service ended in 1991 they were relocated to the Nicholson Terminal and Dock Company in Ecorse, where they became National Historic Landmarks in 1992. In September 2014 the Columbia was relocated to Toledo, Ohio, for repairs, then in August 2015 was moved to Buffalo, New York,[8] where it is being prepared for an eventual move to the Hudson River.[9]
2 Ste. Claire (Steamer)
A large ferry, loaded with passengers
Ste. Claire (Steamer)
July 6, 1992
(#79001177)
Rouge River south bank, east of S. Dix Street Bridge, Detroit (Southwest)
42°17′45″N 83°09′02″W / 42.295833°N 83.150556°W / 42.295833; -83.150556 (Ste. Claire (Steamer))
360 E Great Lakes St, Ecorse 42°15'37"N 83°07'26"W Designed by naval architect Frank E. Kirby. Between 1910 and 1991, the Ste. Claire ferried passengers to Bois Blanc Island (Boblo) for the Detroit & Windsor Ferry Company.[10] The Ste. Claire and her sister ship, the Columbia, were docking at 661 Civic Center Dr in downtown Detroit in 1979 when they were listed in the National Register. After Boblo service ended in 1991 they were relocated to the Nicholson Terminal and Dock Company in Ecorse, where they became National Historic Landmarks in 1992. The Ste. Claire was moved to Toledo, Ohio in 2003,[11] but returned to Ecorse a few years later.[12] In 2016 she was docked in the Rouge River in Detroit.
106 Ste. Claire (Steamer)
A large ferry, loaded with passengers
Ste. Claire (Steamer)
November 2, 1979
(#79001177)
Rouge River south bank, east of S. Dix Street Bridge
42°17′45″N 83°09′02″W / 42.295833°N 83.150556°W / 42.295833; -83.150556 (Ste. Claire (Steamer))
Southwest Detroit Designed by naval architect Frank E. Kirby. Between 1910 and 1991, the Ste. Claire ferried passengers to Bois Blanc Island (Boblo) for the Detroit & Windsor Ferry Company.[13] The Ste. Claire and her sister ship, the Columbia, were docking at downtown Detroit in 1979 when they were listed in the National Register. After Boblo service ended in 1991 they were relocated to the Nicholson Terminal and Dock Company in Ecorse, where they became National Historic Landmarks in 1992. The Ste. Claire was moved to Toledo, Ohio in 2003,[14] but returned to Ecorse a few years later.[15] In 2016 she was docked in the Rouge River in Detroit.

History

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The 45th parallel forms an approximate border between the Canadian province of Quebec (to the north), and the US states of New York and Vermont (to the south).
U.S. counties sharing a land or water border with Canada
  Land border
  Water border
Sign welcoming drivers into the United States


The Treaty of Paris (1783)

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The border originated with the Treaty of Paris in 1783, which ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain and the separating colonies which would form the United States. The 45th parallel was established as the border between Lower Canada (Quebec) and New York State (including what is now Vermont). The St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes became the boundary between Upper Canada (Ontario) and the United States.

The Jay Treaty (1794)

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The Jay Treaty of 1794 (effective 1796) created the International Boundary Commission, which was charged with surveying and mapping the boundary. It also provided for removal of British military and administration from Detroit and other frontier outposts on the U.S. side. It was superseded by the Treaty of Ghent (effective 1815) concluding the War of 1812, which included pre-war boundaries.

The 49th parallel north forms a border between the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba (to the north), and the US states of Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, and Minnesota (to the south).

The London Convention (1818)

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Westward expansion of both British North America and the United States saw the boundary extended west along the 49th parallel from the Northwest Angle at Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains under the Treaty of 1818. This treaty extinguished British claims south of that latitude to the Red River Valley, which was part of Rupert's Land. The treaty also extinguished U.S. claims to land north of that line in the watershed of the Missouri River, which was part of the Louisiana Purchase; this amounted to three small areas, consisting of the northern part of the drainages of the Milk River (today in southern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan), the Poplar River (Saskatchewan), and Big Muddy Creek (Saskatchewan).[citation needed]

Ashburton Treaty (1842)

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Disputes over the interpretation of the border treaties, and mistakes in surveying it, required additional negotiations resulting in the Webster–Ashburton Treaty of 1842. The treaty resolved the dispute known as the Aroostook War over the boundary between Maine on the one hand, and New Brunswick and the Province of Canada the other. The treaty redefined the border between New Hampshire, Vermont and New York on the one hand, and the Province of Canada on the other, resolving the Indian Stream dispute and the Fort Blunder dilemma at the outlet to Lake Champlain. The boundary along the 45th parallel had been surveyed after the War of 1812. The US Government began to construct fortifications just south of the border at Rouses Point on Lake Champlain. After a significant portion of the construction was completed, measurements revealed that at that point, the actual 45th parallel was three-quarters of a mile south of the surveyed line; the fort, which became known as "Fort Blunder," was in Canada. This created a dilemma for the United States that was not resolved until a provision of the treaty left the border on the meandering line as surveyed. The border along the Boundary Waters in present day Ontario and Minnesota between Lake Superior and the Northwest Angle was also redefined.[16][17]


The Oregon Treaty (1846)

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An 1844 boundary dispute during U.S. President James K. Polk's administration led to a call for the northern boundary of the U.S. west of the Rockies to be latitude 54° 40' north (related to the southern boundary of Russia's Alaska Territory), but the United Kingdom wanted a border that followed the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean. The dispute was resolved in the Oregon Treaty of 1846, which established the 49th parallel as the boundary through the Rockies.

The Northwest Boundary Survey (1857-61)

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Boundary Marker No.1 on the 49th parallel north on the western shore of Point Roberts, Washington, erected in 1861.

The Northwest Boundary Survey (1857–61) laid out the land boundary, but the water boundary was not settled for some time. After the Pig War in 1859, arbitration in 1872 established the border between the Gulf islands and the San Juan Islands.

The International Boundary Survey (1872-1876)

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The International Boundary Survey, called the Northern Boundary Survey in the United States, began in 1872.[18] Its mandate was to establish the border as agreed to in the Treaty of 1818. Archibald Campbell led the way for the United States. Donald Cameron headed the British team. This survey focused on the border from the Lake of the Woods to the summit of the Rocky Mountains.[19]

The Alaska boundary dispute (1903)

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In 1903 a joint United Kingdom – Canada – U.S. tribunal established the boundary with Alaska, much of which follows the 141st meridian west.[citation needed]


Rail Crossings

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photo of train crossing US-Canada border
White Pass Train returning to Skagway, Alaska from the Yukon
The red background indicates an unused rail border crossing.
The green background indicates a rail border crossing at a bridge or a tunnel.
Canada
Nearest Community
Canada
Rail Company
United States
Nearest Community
United States
Rail Company
Notes Structure
or Notable Feature
Coordinates

British Columbia–Alaska

[edit]
Fraser WPY Skagway WPY 3 feet narrow gauge route, isolated line not connected to any others in North America. Former northern terminus Whitehorse, now ends at Carcross. 59°37′27.99″N 135°8′20.58″W / 59.6244417°N 135.1390500°W / 59.6244417; -135.1390500

British Columbia–Washington

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White Rock BNSF Blaine BNSF Used by Amtrak Cascades passenger trains. 49°0′7.56″N 122°45′27.00″W / 49.0021000°N 122.7575000°W / 49.0021000; -122.7575000
Huntingdon CP & SRY Sumas BNSF 49°0′8.64″N 122°16′0.84″W / 49.0024000°N 122.2669000°W / 49.0024000; -122.2669000
Grand Forks KFR Danville KFR Abandoned by the KFR south of the border 49°0′0.36″N 118°29′33.36″W / 49.0001000°N 118.4926000°W / 49.0001000; -118.4926000
Billings KFR Laurier KFR Canada section isolated from Canadian rail network following CP's 1991 abandonment of their Boundary Sub, accessible only through the U.S. 49°0′0.36″N 118°13′28.56″W / 49.0001000°N 118.2246000°W / 49.0001000; -118.2246000
Waneta KFR Boundary KFR Canada section isolated from Canadian rail network following abandonment of Burlington Northern's Nelson Sub in 1989, only accessible through the U.S. 49°0′2.52″N 117°37′36.84″W / 49.0007000°N 117.6269000°W / 49.0007000; -117.6269000

British Columbia–Idaho

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Kingsgate CP Eastport UP 49°0′1.80″N 116°10′55.92″W / 49.0005000°N 116.1822000°W / 49.0005000; -116.1822000

Alberta–Montana

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Coutts CP Sweetgrass BNSF 48°59′54.24″N 111°57′32.40″W / 48.9984000°N 111.9590000°W / 48.9984000; -111.9590000

Saskatchewan–North Dakota

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North Portal CP Portal CP (SOO) 48°59′56.04″N 102°32′56.40″W / 48.9989000°N 102.5490000°W / 48.9989000; -102.5490000
Northgate CN Northgate BNSF CN abandoned north of the border in 2001 48°59′55.68″N 102°15′51.48″W / 48.9988000°N 102.2643000°W / 48.9988000; -102.2643000

Manitoba–Minnesota

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Emerson CN (west track) / CP (east track) Noyes BNSF (west track) / CP (east track) Since closure of the adjacent road border crossing, this rail crossing has been managed by nearby Emerson (Canada) and Pembina (U.S.) ports. 49°0′1.44″N 97°12′13.32″W / 49.0004000°N 97.2037000°W / 49.0004000; -97.2037000
Middlebro (Sprague) CN Longworth (Warroad) CN The U.S. stretch between Warroad & Baudette connects only through Canada. It was isolated from the U.S. rail network when Minnesota Northern Railroad abandoned the Warroad subdivision in 2009. 48°59′56.40″N 95°22′32.16″W / 48.9990000°N 95.3756000°W / 48.9990000; -95.3756000

Ontario–Minnesota

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Rainy River CN Baudette CN The U.S. stretch between Warroad & Baudette connects only through Canada. 48°43′10.56″N 94°35′29.04″W / 48.7196000°N 94.5914000°W / 48.7196000; -94.5914000
Fort Frances MDW International Falls Minnesota, Dakota & Western Railway Once connecting to CN's nearby mainline, the Fort Frances stretch is now isolated from the Canadian rail network. Trains must cross this bridge to the U.S. to get back into Canada. Fort Frances – International Falls International Bridge 48°36′26.69″N 93°24′6.42″W / 48.6074139°N 93.4017833°W / 48.6074139; -93.4017833
Fort Frances CN Ranier CN Ranier International Rail Bridge 48°36′53.64″N 93°24′6.42″W / 48.6149000°N 93.4017833°W / 48.6149000; -93.4017833

Ontario–Michigan

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Sault Ste. Marie CN (ACR) Sault Ste. Marie CN (WC) International Rail Bridge 46°30′30.60″N 84°21′41.76″W / 46.5085000°N 84.3616000°W / 46.5085000; -84.3616000
Sarnia CN Port Huron CN Paul M. Tellier Tunnel 42°57′34.20″N 82°25′21.36″W / 42.9595000°N 82.4226000°W / 42.9595000; -82.4226000
Windsor CP Detroit CP Michigan Central Railway Tunnel 42°19′9.12″N 83°3′30.24″W / 42.3192000°N 83.0584000°W / 42.3192000; -83.0584000

Ontario–New York

[edit]
Fort Erie CN Buffalo CN International Railway Bridge 42°55′46.20″N 78°54′28.80″W / 42.9295000°N 78.9080000°W / 42.9295000; -78.9080000
Niagara Falls CP Niagara Falls CP Closed to rail traffic in 2000. Presently mothballed. Michigan Central Railway Bridge 43°6′30.60″N 79°3′29.52″W / 43.1085000°N 79.0582000°W / 43.1085000; -79.0582000
Niagara Falls CN Niagara Falls CSX Used by Amtrak/Via Maple Leaf passenger trains. Whirlpool Rapids Bridge 43°6′33.27″N 79°3′30.00″W / 43.1092417°N 79.0583333°W / 43.1092417; -79.0583333

Quebec–New York

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Sainte-Agnès-de-Dundee CSX Fort Covington CSX 44°59′51.36″N 74°29′8.88″W / 44.9976000°N 74.4858000°W / 44.9976000; -74.4858000
Elgin NYC Trout River NYC Abandoned, but ROW intact. 44°59′31.92″N 74°14′32.28″W / 44.9922000°N 74.2423000°W / 44.9922000; -74.2423000
Cantic CP (west track) & CN (east track) Rouses Point CP (DH) Used by Amtrak Adirondack passenger trains, using CN track in Canada. Cantic port of entry next to Lacolle 223. 45°0′36.72″N 73°22′18.12″W / 45.0102000°N 73.3717000°W / 45.0102000; -73.3717000

Quebec–Vermont

[edit]
Clarenceville CN Alburg Springs CN 45°0′45.00″N 73°14′28.32″W / 45.0125000°N 73.2412000°W / 45.0125000; -73.2412000
Abercorn CMQ Richford CMQ U.S. section isolated from the U.S. rail network following 1990 abandonment of Central Vermont Railway's Richford Branch. Trains in the U.S. must pass through Canada. Part of the Farnham-Richford-North Troy line. 45°0′54.36″N 72°39′49.32″W / 45.0151000°N 72.6637000°W / 45.0151000; -72.6637000
Glen Sutton CMQ East Richford CMQ Canadian section has always been isolated from the Canadian rail network. Trains must pass through the U.S. to connect with the rest of Canada. Part of the Farnham-Richford-North Troy line. 45°0′41.76″N 72°35′9.24″W / 45.0116000°N 72.5859000°W / 45.0116000; -72.5859000
Highwater CMQ North Troy CMQ Trains in Canada must pass back through the U.S. from this isolated section. Part of the Farnham-Richford-North Troy line. 45°0′25.56″N 72°24′43.92″W / 45.0071000°N 72.4122000°W / 45.0071000; -72.4122000
Lineboro Quebec Central Railway (QC) North Derby Quebec Central Railway (QC) Tracks were removed in the 1990s. Now Piste cyclable de Stanstead (Canada) and Newport Bikepath (U.S.). Signs urge cyclists not to cross here. 45°0′20.88″N 72°10′17.40″W / 45.0058000°N 72.1715000°W / 45.0058000; -72.1715000
Stanhope SLR Norton SLQ 45°0′38.16″N 71°47′42.36″W / 45.0106000°N 71.7951000°W / 45.0106000; -71.7951000

Quebec–Maine

[edit]
Trudel (Lac-Mégantic) CMQ Beattie (Jackman) CMQ 45°32′48.12″N 70°41′21.48″W / 45.5467000°N 70.6893000°W / 45.5467000; -70.6893000

New Brunswick–Maine

[edit]
St. Leonard MNRY Van Buren MNRY unnamed rail bridge 47°10′29.64″N 67°56′32.28″W / 47.1749000°N 67.9423000°W / 47.1749000; -67.9423000
Green Road CAR Houlton CAR abandoned June 1989 46°5′42.72″N 67°46′52.32″W / 46.0952000°N 67.7812000°W / 46.0952000; -67.7812000
St. Croix NBSR Vanceboro EMRY Only Canada-U.S. border crossing to be attacked by a foreign force. See Vanceboro international bridge bombing. Saint Croix-Vanceboro Railway Bridge 45°33′50.40″N 67°25′39.00″W / 45.5640000°N 67.4275000°W / 45.5640000; -67.4275000
Mohannes NBSR Woodland NBSR The American stretch is isolated from the rest of the U.S. rail network, and trains must cross this bridge to a small portion through Canada to the U.S. at Baring. Part of NBSR’s St. Stephen-Calais-Woodland branch; leased from Woodland Rail. Sprague Falls Railroad Bridge 45°10′0.84″N 67°24′15.48″W / 45.1669000°N 67.4043000°W / 45.1669000; -67.4043000
Upper Mills NBSR Baring Plantation NBSR The Canadian stretch between Mohannes and Upper Mills is isolated from the Canadian rail network, and trains must cross this bridge into the U.S. to connect to the rest of Canada. Sold to Woodland Rail by Pan-Am Railways after a short period out of service. Part of the St. Stephen-Calais-Woodland branch; leased from Woodland Rail. Baring Railroad Bridge 45°8′3.84″N 67°24′15.48″W / 45.1344000°N 67.4043000°W / 45.1344000; -67.4043000
St. Stephen (Milltown) NBSR Calais NBSR The American stretch between Baring and Calais is isolated from the U.S. rail network, and trains in the U.S. must switch direction and cross this bridge into Canada to connect with the rest of the U.S. rail network. The line was disconnected from the U.S. network when Guilford Rail (Pan-Am Railways) abandoned the connecting line to Bangor in 1989; those rails were intact until torn up in the late 2000s. Part of the St. Stephen-Calais-Woodland branch; leased from Woodland Rail on the U.S. side. Salmon Falls Railroad Bridge 45°10′29.28″N 67°17′29.40″W / 45.1748000°N 67.2915000°W / 45.1748000; -67.2915000
  1. ^ "Columbia (Steamer)". National Park Service. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
  2. ^ Dan Austin (September 4, 2015). "Boblo boat Columbia on its way to New York". Detroit Free Press.
  3. ^ "The SS Columbia Project".
  4. ^ "Ste. Claire". National Park Service. Retrieved 2012-01-03.
  5. ^ "Ste. Claire (steamer)". State of Michigan. Retrieved 2013-10-28.
  6. ^ BOB-LO BOATS HISTORY, Ste. Claire's owner's website, n.d. Accessed 2013-09-16.
  7. ^ "Columbia (Steamer)". National Park Service. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
  8. ^ Dan Austin (September 4, 2015). "Boblo boat Columbia on its way to New York". Detroit Free Press.
  9. ^ "The SS Columbia Project".
  10. ^ "Ste. Claire". National Park Service. Retrieved 2012-01-03.
  11. ^ "Ste. Claire (steamer)". State of Michigan. Retrieved 2013-10-28.
  12. ^ BOB-LO BOATS HISTORY, Ste. Claire's owner's website, n.d. Accessed 2013-09-16.
  13. ^ "Ste. Claire". National Park Service. Retrieved 2012-01-03.
  14. ^ "Ste. Claire (steamer)". State of Michigan. Retrieved 2013-10-28.
  15. ^ BOB-LO BOATS HISTORY, Ste. Claire's owner's website, n.d. Accessed 2013-09-16.
  16. ^ pie (1842). "Webster-Ashburton Treaty". Yale Law School. Retrieved 2007-03-01. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  17. ^ Lass, William E. (1980). Minnesota's Boundary with Canada. St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society. p. 2. ISBN 0-87351-153-0. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  18. ^ McManus, Sheila (2005). The Line Which Separates: Race, Gender, and the Making of the Alberta-Montana Borderlands. Edmonton, Alberta: University of Alberta Press. p. 7. ISBN 0-88864-434-5.
  19. ^ Campbell, Archibald; Twining, W. J. (1878). "Reports upon the survey of the boundary between the territory of the United States and the possessions of Great Britain from the Lake of the woods to the summit of the Rocky mountains". Authorised by an act of Congress approved March 19, 1872. Government Printing Office. Retrieved Sep 13, 2013.