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Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party

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Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party
AbbreviationTPRP (English)
ТАХN (Tuvan)
TNRP (Russian)
General SecretaryNamachyn (first)
Salchak Toka (last)
Founded29 October 1921 (1921-10-29)
Dissolved11 October 1944 (1944-10-11)
Merged intoAll-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
Succeeded byTuvan Autonomous Oblast Committee of the VKP(b)
HeadquartersKyzyl, Tuvan People's Republic
NewspaperTuvinskaya Pravda [ru]
Pod znamenem Lenina–Stalina
Armed wingTuvan People's Revolutionary Army (1924–1944)
Membership (1944)6,807
IdeologyCommunism
Marxism–Leninism
Political positionFar-left
International affiliationComintern
Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party
Mongolian name
Mongolian scriptᠲᠠᠩᠨᠦ
ᠲᠤᠧᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ
ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ
ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ
ᠨᠠᠮ
Tuvan name
TuvanТьва arat-хuviskaalçь nam

The Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party[a] was a political party in Tuva, founded in 1921. When the Tuvan People's Republic was founded in the same year, the party held single-party control over its government as a vanguard party.

History

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Under Soviet sponsorship, a conference of Tuvan revolutionaries convened on 29 October 1921, and an organization bureau was formed. The first Congress met on 28 February 1922, when the Tuvan "People's Government" was established. However, as soon as the Second Congress convened on 6 July 1923, the former party was dissolved because of Soviet dissatisfaction, and a new one was organized. The Fourth Congress met in October 1925; the Seventh Congress, in 1928. The Central Committee was authorized to establish party cells and branches of the league of revolutionary youth throughout the country.[1]

During the Second Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the party in 1929 the right-wing leadership, which had intended to retain Tibetan Buddhism as a state religion in the old sense, in contradiction to the proclaimed constitution, was completely destroyed. Under the watchword of "antifeudal revolution," the Eighth Congress paved the way for socialist reconstruction and collectivization. When, in April–May 1930, the so-called "counterrevolution of the Tuvan nobles and the Russian kulak-colonists" broke out with the intent "to overthrow the 'Revolutionary Government,'" it was also put down by force. Resolutions were adopted in the Central Committee of the People's Revolutionary Party to confiscate the property of the exploiter class, to conduct agricultural collectivization "on an unconditionally voluntary basis," "to struggle for complete independence from the imperialist countries and to co-operate closely with the oppressed peoples and the working class of the whole world."[2]

A prominent figure in its initial stage was Donduk Kuular. In 1929–1932 a political shift occurred, beginning with the 1929 Tuvan coup d'état, as nationalist elements of the party, including Kuular, were purged. The leadership of the party was taken over by Salchak Toka.

The party was admitted to the Comintern as a "sympathizing party" at its Seventh Congress in 1935.[3]

Notes

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  1. ^
    • Tuvan: Тьва arat-хuviskaalçь nam
    • Mongolian: ᠲᠠᠩᠨᠦᠲᠤᠧᠠ ᠢᠢᠨᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠠᠯ ᠳᠤᠨᠠᠮ, Tangnu Tuva-yin arad-un qubisγal-tu nam

References

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  1. ^ Peter S. H. Tang. Russian and Soviet Policy in Manchuria and Outer Mongolia, 1911–1931. London: Duke University Press., 1959. p. 422.
  2. ^ Malaia Sovetskaia Entsiklopediia (1st ed.), Vol. VIII, col. 989 (in Russian). Cited in Tang, p. 422.
  3. ^ Jane Degras. Communist International: Documents, 1919–1943. digital print ed. London: Frank Cass and Company Ltd., 2005. p. 346.