Taxonomy of the animals (Hutchins et al., 2003)
The taxonomy of the animals presented by Hutchins et al. in 2003[1] in Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia is a system of classification which covers all the metazoans, from phyla to orders (or families, for Hexapoda and Pisces, or species, for Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia).
Animalia (= Metazoa)
[edit]Phylum Porifera
[edit]- Phylum Porifera
- Class Calcarea
- Order Baeriida
- Order Clathrinida
- Order Leucosoleniida
- Order Lithonida
- Order Murrayonida
- Class Hexactinellida
- Order Amphidiscosida
- Order Aulocalycoida
- Order Hexactinosida
- Order Lychniscosida
- Order Lyssacinosida
- Class Demospongiae
- Order Agelasida
- Order Astrophorida
- Order Chondrosida
- Order Dendroceratida
- Order Dictyoceratida
- Order Hadromerida
- Order Halichondrida
- Order Halisarcida
- Order Haplosclerida
- Order Homosclerophorida
- Order Poecilosclerida
- Order Spirophorida
- Order Verongida
- Order Verticillitida
- Class Calcarea
Phylum Placozoa
[edit]- Phylum Placozoa
- No order designations
Phylum Monoblastozoa
[edit]- Phylum Monoblastozoa
- No order designations
Phylum Rhombozoa
[edit]- Phylum Rhombozoa
- Order Dicyemida
- Order Heterocyemida
Phylum Orthonectida
[edit]- Phylum Orthonectida
- Order Orthonectida
Phylum Cnidaria
[edit]- Phylum Cnidaria
- Class Anthozoa
- Order Actiniaria
- Order Alcyonacea
- Order Antipatharia
- Order Ceriantharia
- Order Corallimorpharia
- Order Helioporacea
- Order Pennatulacea
- Order Scleractinia
- Order Zoanthidea
- Class Hydrozoa
- Order Actinulida
- Order Capitata
- Order Conica
- Order Cystonectae
- Order Filifera
- Order Laingiomedusae
- Order Limnomedusae
- Order Moerisiida
- Order Narcomedusa
- Order Proboscoida
- Order Physonectae
- Order Polypodiozoa
- Order Trachymedusa
- Class Cubozoa
- Order Cubomedusae
- Class Scyphozoa
- Order Coronatae
- Order Rhizostomeae
- Order Semaeostomeae
- Order Stauromedusae
- Class Anthozoa
Phylum Ctenophora
[edit]- Phylum Ctenophora
- Order Beroida
- Order Cestida
- Order Cydippida
- Order Ganeshida
- Order Lobata
- Order Platyctenida
- Order Thalassocalycida
Phylum Platyhelminthes
[edit]- Phylum Platyhelminthes
- Class Acoela
- No order designations
- Class Turbellaria
- Order Catenulida
- Order Haplopharyngida
- Order Lecithoepitheliata
- Order Macrostomida
- Order Polycladida
- Order Prolecithophora
- Order Proplicastomata
- Order Proseriata
- Order Rhabdocoela
- Order Tricladida
- Class Trematoda
- Order Aspidogastrida
- Order Azygiida
- Order Echinostomida
- Order Opisthorchiida
- Order Plagiorchiida
- Order Strigeatida
- Class Monogenea
- Order Monopisthocotylea
- Order Polyopisthocotylea
- Class Cestoda
- Order Amphilinidea
- Order Caryophyllidea
- Order Cyclophyllidea
- Order Diphyllidea
- Order Gyrocotylidea
- Order Haplobothriidea
- Order Lecanicephalidea
- Order Litobothriidea
- Order Nippotaeniidea
- Order Proteocephalidea
- Order Pseudophyllidea
- Order Spathebothriidea
- Order Tetrabothriidea
- Order Tetraphyllidea
- Order Trypanorhyncha
- Class Acoela
Phylum Nemertea
[edit]- Phylum Nemertea
- Class Anopla
- Order Heteronemertea
- Order Palaeonemertea
- Class Enopla
- Order Hoplonemertea
- Class Anopla
Phylum Rotifera
[edit]- Phylum Rotifera
- Order Bdelloida
- Order Collothecacea
- Order Flosculariacea
- Order Ploimida
- Order Seisonida
Phylum Gastrotricha
[edit]- Phylum Gastrotricha
- Order Chaetonotida
- Order Macrodasyida
Phylum Kinorhyncha
[edit]- Phylum Kinorhyncha
- Order Cyclorhagida
- Order Homalorhagida
Phylum Nematoda
[edit]- Phylum Nematoda
- Class Adenophorea
- Order Araeolaimida
- Order Chromadorida
- Order Desmodorida
- Order Desmoscolecida
- Order Dorylaimida
- Order Enoplida
- Order Isolaimida
- Order Mermithida
- Order Monhysterida
- Order Mononchida
- Order Muspiceida
- Order Stichosomida
- Order Trichocephalida
- Class Secernentea
- Order Aphelenchida
- Order Ascaridida
- Order Camallanida
- Order Diplogasterida
- Order Rhabditida
- Order Spirurida
- Order Strongylida
- Order Tylenchida
- Class Adenophorea
Phylum Nematomorpha
[edit]- Phylum Nematomorpha
- Order Gordioidea
- Order Nectonematoidea
Phylum Acanthocephala
[edit]- Phylum Acanthocephala
- Order Apororhynchida
- Order Echinorhynchida
- Order Gigantorhynchida
- Order Gyracanthocephala
- Order Moniliformida
- Order Neoechinorhynchida
- Order Oligacanthorhynchida
- Order Polymorphida
Phylum Entoprocta
[edit]- Phylum Entoprocta
- Order Coloniales
- Order Solitaria
Phylum Micrognathozoa
[edit]- Phylum Micrognathozoa
- Order Limnognathida
Phylum Gnathostomulida
[edit]- Phylum Gnathostomulida
- Order Bursovaginoidea
- Order Filospermoidea
Phylum Priapulida
[edit]- Phylum Priapulida
- Order Halicryptomorphida
- Order Priapulimorphida
- Order Seticoronarida
Phylum Loricifera
[edit]- Phylum Loricifera
- Order Nanaloricida
Phylum Cycliophora
[edit]- Phylum Cycliophora
- Order Symbiida
Phylum Echinodermata
[edit]- Phylum Echinodermata
- Class Crinoidea
- Order Bourgueticrinida
- Order Comatulida
- Order Cyrtocrinida
- Order Isocrinida
- Order Millericrinida
- Class Asteroidea
- Order Brisingida
- Order Forcipulatida
- Order Notomyotida
- Order Paxillosida
- Order Spinulosida
- Order Valvatida
- Order Velatida
- Class Concentricycloidea
- Order Peripodida
- Class Ophiuroidea
- Order Euryalida
- Order Oegophiurida
- Order Ophiurida
- Class Echinoidea
- Order Arbacioida
- Order Cassiduloida
- Order Cidaroida
- Order Clypeasteroida
- Order Diadematoida
- Order Echinoida
- Order Echinothuroida
- Order Holasteroida
- Order Holectypoida
- Order Pedinoida
- Order Phymosomatoida
- Order Salenoida
- Order Spatangoida
- Order Temnopleurida
- Class Holothuroidea
- Order Apodida
- Order Aspidochirotida
- Order Dactylochirotida
- Order Dendrochirotida
- Order Elasipodida
- Order Molpadiida
- Class Crinoidea
Phylum Chaetognatha
[edit]- Phylum Chaetognatha
- Order Aphragmophora
- Order Phragmophora
Phylum Hemichordata
[edit]- Phylum Hemichordata
- Order Cephalodiscida
- Order Rhabdopleurida
Phylum Chordata
[edit]- Phylum Chordata
- Subphylum Urochordata
- Class Ascidiacea
- Order Enterogona
- Order Pleurogona
- Class Thaliacea
- Order Doliolida
- Order Pyrosomatida
- Order Salpida
- Class Appendicularia
- Order Copelata
- Class Sorberacea
- Order Aspiraculata
- Class Ascidiacea
- Subphylum Cephalochordata
- Order Amphioxiformes
- Subphylum Craniata
- Subphylum Urochordata
Superclass Pisces
[edit]- Superclass Pisces (polyphyletic)
- Class Myxini
- Order Myxiniformes
- Class Cephalaspidomorphi
- Order Petromyzoniformes
- Class Chondrichthyes
- Order Chimaeriformes
- Order Heterodontiformes
- Order Orectolobiformes
- Order Carcharhiniformes
- Order Lamniformes
- Order Hexanchiformes
- Order Squaliformes
- Order Squatiniformes
- Order Pristiophoriformes
- Order Rajiformes
- Class Sarcopterygii
- Order Coelacanthiformes
- Order Ceratodontiformes
- Order Lepidosireniformes
- Class Actinopterygii
- Order Polypteriformes
- Order Acipenseriformes
- Order Lepisosteiformes
- Order Amiiformes
- Order Osteoglossiformes
- Order Elopiformes
- Order Albuliformes
- Order Anguilliformes
- Order Saccopharyngiformes
- Order Clupeiformes
- Order Gonorynchiformes
- Order Cypriniformes
- Order Characiformes
- Order Siluriformes
- Order Gymnotiformes
- Order Esociformes
- Order Osmeriformes
- Order Salmoniformes
- Order Stomiiformes
- Order Aulopiformes
- Order Myctophiformes
- Order Lampridiformes
- Order Polymixiiformes
- Order Percopsiformes
- Order Ophidiiformes
- Order Gadiformes
- Order Batrachoidiformes
- Order Lophiiformes
- Order Mugiliformes
- Order Atheriniformes
- Order Beloniformes
- Order Cyprinodontiformes
- Order Stephanoberyciformes
- Order Beryciformes
- Order Zeiformes
- Order Gasterosteiformes
- Order Synbranchiformes
- Order Scorpaeniformes
- Order Perciformes
- Suborder Percoidei
- Suborder Labroidei
- Suborder Zoarcoidei
- Suborder Nototheniodei
- Suborder Trachinoidei
- Suborder Blennioidei
- Suborder Icosteoidei
- Suborder Gobiesocoidei
- Suborder Callionymoidei
- Suborder Gobioidei
- Suborder Acanthuroidei
- Suborder Scombroidei
- Suborder Stromateoidei
- Suborder Anabantoidei
- Suborder Channoidei
- Order Pleuronectiformes
- Order Tetraodontiformes
- Class Myxini
Class Amphibia
[edit]- Class Amphibia
- Order Anura
- Order Caudata
- Order Gymnophiona
Class Reptilia
[edit]- Class Reptilia
- Order Testudines
- Order Crocodylia
- Order Rhynchocephalia
- Order Squamata
Class Aves
[edit]- Class Aves
- Order Struthioniformes
- Order Procellariiformes
- Order Sphenisciformes
- Order Gaviiformes
- Order Podicipediformes
- Order Pelecaniformes
- Order Ciconiiformes
- Order Phoenicopteriformes
- Order Falconiformes
- Order Anseriformes
- Order Galliformes
- Order Opisthocomiformes
- Order Gruiformes
- Order Charadriiformes
- Order Pterocliformes
- Order Columbiformes
- Order Psittaciformes
- Order Musophagiformes
- Order Cuculiformes
- Order Strigiformes
- Order Caprimulgiformes
- Order Apodiformes
- Order Coliiformes
- Order Trogoniformes
- Order Coraciiformes
- Order Piciformes
- Order Passeriformes
Class Mammalia
[edit]- Class Mammalia
- Order Monotremata
- Order Didelphimorphia
- Order Paucituberculata
- Order Microbiotheria
- Order Dasyuromorphia
- Order Peramelemorphia
- Order Notoryctemorphia
- Order Diprotodontia
- Order Xenarthra
- Order Insectivora
- Order Scandentia
- Order Dermoptera
- Order Chiroptera
- Order Primates
- Order Carnivora
- Order Cetacea
- Order Tubulidentata
- Order Proboscidea
- Order Hyracoidea
- Order Sirenia
- Order Perissodactyla
- Order Artiodactyla
- Order Pholidota
- Order Rodentia
- Order Lagomorpha
- Order Macroscelidea
Phylum Annelida
[edit]- Phylum Annelida
- Class Polychaeta
- Order Amphinomida
- Order Capitellida
- Order Chaetopterida
- Order Cirratulida
- Order Cossurida
- Order Ctenodrilida
- Order Dinophilida
- Order Eunicida
- Order Flabelligerida
- Order Magelonida
- Order Nerillida
- Order Opheliida
- Order Orbiniida
- Order Oweniida
- Order Phyllodocida
- Order Poeobiida
- Order Polygordiida
- Order Protodrilida
- Order Psammodrilida
- Order Sabellariida
- Order Sabellida
- Order Spintherida
- Order Spionida
- Order Sternaspida
- Order Terebellida
- Class Myzostomida
- Order Pharyngidea
- Order Proboscidea
- Class Oligochaeta
- Order Haplotaxida
- Order Lumbriculida
- Order Moniligastrida
- Order Opisthopora
- Class Hirudinea
- Order Arhynchobdellae
- Order Rhynchobdellida
- Class Pogonophora
- Order Athecanephria
- Order Thecanephria
- Class Polychaeta
Phylum Vestimentifera
[edit]- Phylum Vestimentifera
- Order Basibranchia
- Order Riftiidae
Phylum Sipuncula
[edit]- Phylum Sipuncula
- Order Aspidosiphoniformes
- Order Golfingiaformes
- Order Phascolosomatiformes
- Order Sipunculiformes
Phylum Echiura
[edit]- Phylum Echiura
- Order Bonellioinea
- Order Echiuroinea
- Order Heteromyota
- Order Xenopneusta
Phylum Onychophora
[edit]- Phylum Onychophora
- No order designations
Phylum Tardigrada
[edit]- Phylum Tardigrada
- Order Arthrotardigrada
- Order Echiniscoidea
- Order Parachela
- Order Apochela
- Order Mesotardigrada
Phylum Arthropoda
[edit]- Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Crustacea
[edit]- Subphylum Crustacea
- Class Remipedia
- Order Nectiopoda
- Class Cephalocarida
- Order Brachypoda
- Class Branchiopoda
- Order Anostraca
- Order Notostraca
- Order Conchostraca
- Order Cladocera
- Class Malacostraca
- Subclass Phyllocarida
- Order Leptostraca
- Subclass Eumalacostraca
- Order Stomatopoda
- Order Bathynellacea
- Order Anaspidacea
- Order Euphausiacea
- Order Amphionidacea
- Order Decapoda
- Order Mysida
- Order Lophogastrida
- Order Cumacea
- Order Tanaidacea
- Order Mictacea
- Order Spelaeogriphacea
- Order Thermosbaenacea
- Order Isopoda
- Order Amphipoda
- Subclass Phyllocarida
- Class Maxillopoda
- Subclass Thecostraca
- Order Acrothoracica
- Order Ascothoracica
- Order Rhizocephala
- Order Thoracica
- Subclass Tantulocarida
- No order designations
- Subclass Branchiura
- Order Arguloida
- Subclass Mystacocarida
- No order designations
- Subclass Copepoda
- Order Calanoida
- Order Cyclopoida
- Order Gelyelloida
- Order Harpacticoida
- Order Misophrioida
- Order Monstrilloida
- Order Mormonilloida
- Order Platycopioida
- Order Siphonostomatoida
- Subclass Ostracoda
- Order Myodocopida
- Order Palaeocopida
- Order Podocopida
- Subclass Thecostraca
- Class Pentastomida
- Order Cephalobaenida
- Order Porocephalida
- Class Remipedia
Subphylum Cheliceriformes
[edit]- Subphylum Cheliceriformes
- Class Pycnogonida
- Order Pantopoda
- Class Chelicerata
- Subclass Merostomata
- Order Xiphosura
- Subclass Arachnida
- Order Acari
- Order Amblypygi
- Order Araneae
- Order Opiliones
- Order Palpigradi
- Order Pseudoscorpiones
- Order Ricinulei
- Order Schizomida
- Order Scorpionida
- Order Solpugida
- Order Uropygi
- Subclass Merostomata
- Class Pycnogonida
Subphylum Uniramia
[edit]- Subphylum Uniramia
- Class Myriapoda
- Subclass Chilopoda
- Order Craterostigmomophora
- Order Geophilomorpha
- Order Lithobiomorpha
- Order Scolopendromorpha
- Order Scutigeromorpha
- Subclass Diplopoda
- Order Callipodida
- Order Chordeumatida
- Order Glomerida
- Order Glomeridesmida
- Order Julida
- Order Platydesmida
- Order Polydesmida
- Order Polyxenida
- Order Polyzoniida
- Order Siphoniulida
- Order Siphonophorida
- Order Sphaerotheriida
- Order Spirobolida
- Order Spirostreptida
- Order Stemmiulida
- Subclass Symphyla
- Order Symphyla
- Subclass Pauropoda
- Order Hexamerocerata
- Order Tetramerocerata
- Subclass Chilopoda
- Class Myriapoda
Subphylum Hexapoda
[edit]- Subphylum Hexapoda
- Class Entognatha
- Order Protura
- Order Collembola
- Order Diplura
- Class Insecta
- Order Microcoryphia
- Order Thysanura
- Order Ephemeroptera
- Order Odonata
- Order Plecoptera
- Order Blattodea
- Order Isoptera
- Order Mantodea
- Order Grylloblattodea
- Order Dermaptera
- Order Orthoptera
- Order Mantophasmatodea
- Order Phasmida
- Order Embioptera
- Order Zoraptera
- Order Psocoptera
- Order Phthiraptera
- Order Hemiptera
- Order Thysanoptera
- Order Megaloptera
- Order Raphidioptera
- Order Neuroptera
- Order Coleoptera
- Order Strepsiptera
- Order Siphonaptera
- Order Diptera
- Order Trichoptera
- Order Lepidoptera
- Order Hymenoptera
- Class Entognatha
Phylum Mollusca
[edit]- Phylum Mollusca
- Class Aplacophora
- Order Cavibelonia
- Order Neomeniomorpha
- Order Pholidoskepia
- Class Monoplacophora
- Order[check spelling] Tryblidioidea
- Class Polyplacophora
- Order Acanthochitonida
- Order Ischnochitonida
- Order Lepidopleurida
- Class Gastropoda
- Subclass Opisthobranchia
- Order Acochlidioidea
- Order Anaspidea
- Order Cephalaspidea
- Order Gymnosomata
- Order Notaspidea
- Order Nudibranchia
- Order Runcinoidea
- Order Sacoglossa
- Order Thecosomata
- Subclass Pulmonata
- Order Actophila
- Order Basommatophora
- Order Stylommatophora
- Order Systellommatophora
- Order Patellogastropoda
- Superorder Vetigastropoda
- Order Haliotoidea
- Order Lepetodriloidea
- Order Vetigastropoda
- Order Cocculiniformia
- Order Neritopsina
- Order Caenogastropoda
- Subclass Opisthobranchia
- Class Bivalvia
- Order Arcoida
- Order Hippuritoida
- Order Limoida
- Order Myoida
- Order Mytiloida
- Order Nuculoida
- Order Ostreoida
- Order Pholadomyoida
- Order Pterioida
- Order Solemyoida
- Order Trigonioida
- Order Unionoida
- Order Veneroida
- Class Scaphopoda
- Order Dentaliida
- Order Gadilida
- Class Cephalopoda
- Order Nautilida
- Order Octopoda
- Order Sepioidea
- Order Spirulida
- Order Teuthoidea
- Order Vampyromorphida
- Class Aplacophora
Phylum Phoronida
[edit]- Phylum Phoronida
- No order designations
Phylum Ectoprocta
[edit]- Phylum Ectoprocta
- Class Phylactolaemata
- No order designations
- Class Stenolaemata
- Order Cyclostomata
- Class Gymnolaemata
- Order Cheilostomatida
- Order Ctenostomata
- Class Phylactolaemata
Phylum Brachiopoda
[edit]- Phylum Brachiopoda
- Class Inarticulata
- Order Acrotretida
- Order Lingulida
- Class Articulata
- Order Rhynchonellida
- Order Terebratulida
- Order Thecideidina
- Class Inarticulata
References
[edit]- ^ Hutchins, M. et al. (eds.). Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia, 2nd ed., 17 vols., Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group, 2003.