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POLRMT

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
POLRMT
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesPOLRMT, APOLMT, MTRNAP, MTRPOL, h-mtRPOL, polymerase (RNA) mitochondrial, RNA polymerase mitochondrial, COXPD55
External IDsOMIM: 601778; MGI: 1915843; HomoloGene: 37996; GeneCards: POLRMT; OMA:POLRMT - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_005035

NM_172551

RefSeq (protein)

NP_005026

Location (UCSC)Chr 19: 0.62 – 0.63 MbChr 10: 79.57 – 79.58 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

DNA-directed RNA polymerase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLRMT gene.[5][6]

Function

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This gene encodes a mitochondrial DNA-directed RNA polymerase. The gene product is responsible for mitochondrial gene expression as well as for providing RNA primers for initiation of replication of the mitochondrial genome. Although this polypeptide has the same function as the three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases, it is more closely related to RNA polymerases of bacteriophage (including T7 RNA polymerase), mitochondrial polymerases of lower eukaryotes as well as chloroplastic RpoT polymerases.[6]

Structure

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The structure of the enzyme has been solved. It exhibits an overall structure similar to that of phage RNAP, but the initiation mechanism is different in that it requires initiation factors TFAM (only in mammals) and TFB2M.[7] Elongation requires the elongation factor TEFM.[8] The exact termination process is less understood, but MTERF1 is thought to play a role.[9]

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000099821Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000020329Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Tiranti V, Savoia A, Forti F, D'Apolito MF, Centra M, Rocchi M, Zeviani M (Jul 1997). "Identification of the gene encoding the human mitochondrial RNA polymerase (h-mtRPOL) by cyberscreening of the Expressed Sequence Tags database". Hum Mol Genet. 6 (4): 615–25. doi:10.1093/hmg/6.4.615. PMID 9097968.
  6. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: POLRMT polymerase (RNA) mitochondrial (DNA directed)".
  7. ^ Hillen, HS; Morozov, YI; Sarfallah, A; Temiakov, D; Cramer, P (16 November 2017). "Structural Basis of Mitochondrial Transcription Initiation". Cell. 171 (5): 1072–1081.e10. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.10.036. PMC 6590061. PMID 29149603.
  8. ^ Hillen, Hauke S.; Parshin, Andrey V.; Agaronyan, Karen; Morozov, Yaroslav I.; Graber, James J.; Chernev, Aleksandar; Schwinghammer, Kathrin; Urlaub, Henning; Anikin, Michael; Cramer, Patrick; Temiakov, Dmitry (November 2017). "Mechanism of Transcription Anti-termination in Human Mitochondria". Cell. 171 (5): 1082–1093.e13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.035. PMC 5798601. PMID 29033127.
  9. ^ D'Souza, AR; Minczuk, M (20 July 2018). "Mitochondrial transcription and translation: overview". Essays in Biochemistry. 62 (3): 309–320. doi:10.1042/EBC20170102. PMC 6056719. PMID 30030363.

Further reading

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  • Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: O00411 (Human DNA-directed RNA polymerase, mitochondrial (POLRMT)) at the PDBe-KB.