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February 1962

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February 17, 1962: 345 West Germans die in North Sea floods
February 20, 1962: John Glenn becomes first American in orbit

The following events occurred in February 1962:

February 1, 1962 (Thursday)

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  • U.S. President John F. Kennedy delivered "the first presidential message entirely devoted to public welfare",[1] proposing that federal aid to the poor be extended to include job training programs and day care for children of working parents.[2]
  • NASA Headquarters announced that John Glenn's Mercury 6 mission would be launched no earlier than February 13, and that repair of the Atlas launch vehicle fuel tank leak would be completed well before that time.[3]
  • The Soviet Union and Ghana ratified a $42,000,000,000 trade pact, with Soviet engineers to assist in the construction of new industries and railroad lines in the West African nation.[4]
  • Born: Takashi Murakami, Japanese contemporary artist; in Tokyo
  • Died: Westropp Bennett, 95, Irish politician[citation needed]

February 2, 1962 (Friday)

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February 2, 1962: John Uelses hits new world record
  • John Uelses became the first person to surpass 16 feet (4.88m) in the pole vault, clearing the mark by 0.25 inches (6.4 mm) at the Millrose Games in New York City. Uelses was assisted by use of a pole made of fiberglass.[5] Prior to 1930, existing techniques limited the maximum height of vaulting to 14 feet (4.3 m). After Cornelius Warmerdam cleared 15 feet (4.6 m) in 1942, the 16-foot (4.9 m) barrier had been pursued for more than twenty years.[6][7]
  • Three U.S. Air Force officers were killed when their Fairchild C-123 Provider became the first USAF plane to be lost in Vietnam, as the U.S. carried out Operation Ranch Hand. The cause of the crash was not determined, although the concern, that it was shot down by Communist insurgents, led to orders that the defoliant spraying aircraft receive a fighter escort.[8]
  • The Soviet Union conducted its very first underground nuclear test. Previously, the Soviets had conducted all of their atomic and hydrogen bomb explosions in the atmosphere, including more than fifty since ending a moratorium on testing.[9]
  • Pope John XXIII announced the date for "Vatican II", the first worldwide conclave of the Roman Catholic Church in almost 100 years, to begin in Rome on October 11.[10]
  • The last underground shift was worked at the colliery in Radcliffe, Northumberland, UK.[11]
  • Died: Alexander Lion, 91, co-founder of the German scout movement[12]

February 3, 1962 (Saturday)

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  • At 7:05 a.m. Indian Standard Time (0135 UTC), a "doomsday period" (as predicted by Hindu astrologers) began. It was reported that the astrologers had predicted that on Saturday, Sunday and Monday, the earth would be "bathed in the blood of thousands of kings" because of the alignment of six planets, the Earth, the Sun and the Moon.[13] In Britain, Aetherias Society director Keith Robertson spent the next day awaiting disaster, along with many of the society's members. He had forecast that "very soon the world will do a 'big flip' when the poles will change places with the equator... 75 percent of the world's population will be killed", but the alignment and eclipse ended without any notable disaster.[14]
  • The United States embargo against Cuba was announced by President Kennedy, prohibiting "the importation into the United States of all goods of Cuban origin and all goods imported from or through Cuba".[15] Presidential Proclamation 3447 was made pursuant to the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, "effective 12:01 a.m., Eastern Standard Time, February 7, 1962".[16]
  • American wrestlers Luther Lindsay & Ricky Waldo defeated Toyonobori & Rikidōzan in Tokyo to win the All Asia Tag Team Championship.[17]
  • Born: Michelle Maenza, last victim of the Alphabet murders (d. 1973); in Rochester, New York[18]

February 4, 1962 (Sunday)

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February 4, 1962: St. Jude Hospital established
  • The St. Jude Children's Research Hospital opened in Memphis, Tennessee. American comedian Danny Thomas, the hospital's founder, told a crowd of 9,000 that "If I were to die this minute, I would know why I was born... Anyone may dream, but few have realized a dream as gargantuan as this one." Thomas said that he had made a vow in 1937, when he was unemployed and penniless, that he would build a shrine to Saint Jude Thaddaeus (patron saint of the lost and helpless) "if I made good". After becoming successful, he began raising funds in 1951. Fifty years later, the hospital was treating 7,800 children per year at no cost, and funding cancer research worldwide.[19][20]
  • The Sunday Times became the first paper in the United Kingdom to print a colour supplement. At the time that the Colour Section was introduced, such supplements "were already commonplace in North America".[21]
  • Gnostic Philosopher Samael Aun Weor declared February 4, 1962, to be the beginning of the "Age of Aquarius", heralded by the alignment of the first six planets, the Sun, the Moon, and the constellation Aquarius.[22]
  • Born: Clint Black, American country music singer; in Long Branch, New Jersey[23]
  • Died: Jacob Kramer, 69, UK-based Ukrainian painter[24]

February 5, 1962 (Monday)

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Starr
  • Hours before the Beatles were scheduled to play at the Cavern Club, drummer Pete Best told his fellow musicians that he was ill and would be unable to appear. Determined not to cancel the show, the group called around for a replacement and Ringo Starr, whose group had the day off, appeared in Best's place.[25]
  • During a solar eclipse, an extremely rare grand conjunction of the classical planets occurred, for the first time since 1821. It included all 5 of the naked-eye planets plus the Sun and Moon), all of them within 16° of one another on the ecliptic. Saturn, Jupiter, Mars and Venus were on one side of the Sun, while Mercury and Earth were on the opposite side. When the Moon crossed between the Earth and the Sun, the eclipse was visible over India, where predictions of the world's end had been made.
  • According to famous psychic Jeane Dixon, a child was born "somewhere in the Middle East", who would "revolutionize the world and eventually unite all warring creeds and sects into one all-embracing faiths", and who would bring peace on Earth by 1999. The prediction, which did not come true as scheduled, was published in A Gift of Prophecy, the 1965 biography of Dixon by Ruth Montgomery.[26]
  • French President Charles de Gaulle informed the nation that he was negotiating with the FLN for the independence of Algeria, conditional on a guarantee of the rights of "the minority of European origin in Algerian activities", and "an effective association" between Algeria and France.[27]
  • In the Five Nations rugby union championship, England defeated Ireland 16–0 at Twickenham. Willie John McBride made his international debut in the match.
  • Born: Jennifer Jason Leigh, American actress and daughter of actor Vic Morrow and screenwriter Barbara Turner; as Jennifer Leigh Morrow in Hollywood[28]
  • Died: Jacques Ibert, 71, French composer[29]

February 6, 1962 (Tuesday)

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  • The Warner Brothers studio outbid MGM for the movie rights to produce the Broadway hit musical, My Fair Lady, for the unprecedented price of USD$5,500,000. The deal included an agreement to pay the play's owners 47.5% of any gross revenues over $20,000,000 and a 5% of the distributors' gross to the estate of George Bernard Shaw, upon whose play Pygmalion, the Lerner & Loewe musical had been based. The bid was more than twice the old record, $2,270,000 paid by 20th Century Fox in 1958 for the rights to South Pacific.[30]
  • Spain selected its entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 1962; the winner was Víctor Balaguer with the song "Llámame", selected by representatives of regional radio stations.
  • The city of Memphis, Tennessee, ordered the desegregation of its lunch counters, formerly limited to white customers only.[31]
  • Negotiations between U.S. Steel and the United States Department of Commerce began.
  • Born: Axl Rose, American rock musician and lead vocalist for Guns N' Roses; as William Bruce Rose Jr. in Lafayette, Indiana[32]
  • Died: Candido Portinari, 58, Brazilian painter; of lead poisoning from paint[33]

February 7, 1962 (Wednesday)

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  • The United States Air Force announced that in the first 15 years of its Project Blue Book investigation of U.F.O. sightings, there was no evidence that any of the 7,369 unidentified flying object reports indicated a threat to national security, any technological advances "beyond the range of our present day scientific knowledge", and no sign of "extraterrestrial vehicles under intelligent controls".[34]
  • Sam Snead won the Royal Poinciana Plaza Invitational, a tournament sponsored by the Ladies Professional Golf Association, where he was the lone man competing against 14 women pros. Snead, who had lost the tournament the year before to Louise Suggs, finished five strokes ahead of Mary Kathryn "Mickey" Wright.[35] Snead is the only man to ever win an official LPGA Tour event.[36]
  • The United States government ban against all U.S.-related Cuban imports (and nearly all exports) went into effect at one minute after midnight. The next day, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR approved a $133 million program of military aid to Cuba, after having delayed action on it for four months.[37]
  • A coal mine explosion in Saarland, West Germany, killed 299 people. The blast occurred at the coal mine, located near Völklingen, at around 9:00 a.m.[38]
  • Born: Garth Brooks, American country singer and songwriter; in Tulsa, Oklahoma[39]

February 8, 1962 (Thursday)

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February 9, 1962 (Friday)

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February 10, 1962 (Saturday)

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Powers
Abel

February 11, 1962 (Sunday)

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February 12, 1962 (Monday)

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February 13, 1962 (Tuesday)

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  • A crowd of at least 150,000 people, and perhaps as many as 500,000 marched in Paris in the first massive protest against the continuing Algerian War, which had gone into its eighth year. The occasion was the funeral ceremony for five of the nine people who had been killed by police in the Charonne metro station the previous Thursday. With many of the participants walking off of their jobs to protest, business in Paris and much of France was brought to a halt.[56]
  • Born: May Sweet, Myanmar singer and actress; in Rangoon, Burma (now Yangon, Myanmar)
  • Died: Hugh Dalton, 74, Welsh politician and former British Chancellor of the Exchequer

February 14, 1962 (Wednesday)

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February 14, 1962: Jackie Kennedy gives White House tour on TV
  • A Tour of the White House with Mrs. John F. Kennedy, produced by CBS News and hosted by American First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy and CBS reporter Charles Collingwood, was broadcast on television by CBS and on NBC at 10:00 p.m. Eastern time. Attracting 46,000,000 TV viewers, or three out of every four households in America, it was the highest rated television program up to that time. ABC television, which did not wish to share the $100,000 production cost for the commercial-free special, showed Naked City instead, and ran the program the following Sunday.[57][58][59]
  • Unfavorable weather conditions caused John Glenn's space launch to be postponed.[3]

February 15, 1962 (Thursday)

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  • The Space Systems Division of the U.S. Air Force issued a Technical Operating Plan to Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, California, for support of the Gemini Launch Vehicle Program; a contract followed on March 15. Aerospace was to assume responsibility for general systems engineering and technical direction of the development of the launch vehicle and its associated subsystems. Aerospace had already established a Gemini Launch Vehicle Program Office in January.[60]
  • The Soviet Union restored the death penalty, for rape and for "attacks on police and public order volunteers". Capital punishment had been officially abolished nationwide on May 26, 1947, but gradually reintroduced for various crimes beginning in 1950.[61]
  • Urho Kekkonen was re-elected president of Finland. Kekkonen received 199 of 300 electoral votes, after winning the popular vote on January 15. Communist Party candidate was second, with 62 votes, and Social Democratic candidate Rafael Paasio got 37.[62]
  • In Elisabethville (now Lubumbashi), the legislature for the Republic of Katanga voted to ratify President Moise Tshombe's declaration that the breakaway state should end its secession and return to the Republic of the Congo.[63][64]
  • Born:
  • Died: Menen Asfaw, 72, consort of Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia

February 16, 1962 (Friday)

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  • Voting in India's national parliamentary election commenced, with 210 million voters going to the polls. There were 14,744 candidates for the 494 seats in the Lok Sabha and the 2,930 seats in the legislatures of 13 Indian states.[65] The final result was that 119,904,284 eligible voters participated, and the Indian National Congress, led by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, won 361 (or about 73%) of the seats. The Communist Party of India was a distant second with 29 seats (6%).[66]
  • U.S. President Kennedy issued nine Executive Orders, numbered 10095 to 11105, delegating "emergency preparedness functions" for various federal agencies and departments, to be implemented in the event of a national emergency that required a declaration of martial law.[67][68]
  • Walter C. Williams, Project Mercury Operations Director, announced that because of weather conditions February 20 would be the earliest date that the Mercury-Atlas 6 mission could be launched.[3]
  • Rioters in British Guiana (now Guyana) set fire to much of the capital city of Georgetown, as Guianans of African descent attacked those of Indian descent. British troops were sent in to restore order.[69][70]

February 17, 1962 (Saturday)

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February 18, 1962 (Sunday)

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February 19, 1962 (Monday)

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February 20, 1962 (Tuesday)

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February 20, 1962: Launch of Friendship 7
  • Mercury-Atlas 6:
    • John Glenn became the first U.S. astronaut to be launched into orbit, as Mercury 6 lifted off from Cape Canaveral at 9:47 a.m. local time (1447 UTC) and attained orbit at 9:59 (1459 UTC). An estimated 60 million persons viewed the launch on live television. After three circuits of the Earth, Glenn's spacecraft left orbit at 2:20 p.m. (1920 UTC), landed in the Atlantic Ocean at 2:43 (1943 UTC) about 800 miles (1,300 km) southeast of Bermuda, and was recovered by the destroyer USS Noa (DD-841) at 3:04 (2004 UTC), after being in the water for 21 minutes.[85] Glenn would return to outer space more than 35 years later, on October 29, 1998, at the age of 77, becoming the oldest human to orbit the Earth.[86]
    • The basic objectives of Project Mercury had been reached, with a human put into Earth orbit, his reactions to space environment observed, and his safe return to Earth to a point where he could be readily found. Before the flight, there had been concern about the psychological effects of prolonged weightlessness. To the contrary, there were no debilitating or harmful effects; Glenn found zero gravity conditions handy in performing his tasks, and felt exhilarated during his four and a half hours of weightlessness. One of the interesting sidelights of the Glenn flight was his report of "fire flies" when he entered the sunrise portion of an orbit. For several months, the phenomenon remained a mystery, until the May 24 Mercury 7 mission when Scott Carpenter accidentally tapped the spacecraft wall with his hand, releasing many of the so-called "fire flies." The source was determined to be frost from the reaction control jets.[3]
    • During the flight two major problems were encountered: (1) a yaw attitude control jet apparently clogged, forcing the astronaut to abandon the automatic control system for the manual-electrical fly-by-wire system and the manual-mechanical system; and (2) a faulty switch in the heat shield circuit indicated that the clamp holding the shield had been prematurely released - a signal later found to be false. During reentry, however, the retropack was not jettisoned but retained as a safety measure to hold the heat shield in place in the event it had loosened.[3]
  • Five days after making both rape and attacks on police subject to capital punishment, the Soviet Union restored the death penalty for persons convicted of accepting bribes. Females were exempt from the death penalty under any circumstances, as were men who had reached the age of 60 by the time of their sentencing.[61]

February 21, 1962 (Wednesday)

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  • Margot Fonteyn and Rudolf Nureyev first danced together, in a Royal Ballet performance of Giselle at Covent Garden in London, creating one of the greatest partnerships in the history of dance. Nureyev had defected from the USSR almost eight months earlier on June 16, 1961. He and Fonteyn received 23 curtain calls from the audience.[87]
  • On the day after John Glenn's historic flight, Soviet Premier Khrushchev sent a telegram to U.S. President Kennedy, proposing that the two nations co-operate on their space program. The first joint venture would take place in 1975.[88][89]
  • A metal fragment, identified by numbers stamped on it as a part of the Atlas that boosted Mercury-Atlas 6 (MA-6) into orbit, landed on a farm in South Africa after about 8 hours in orbit.[3]
  • Former Soviet Foreign Minister Dmitri Shepilov was expelled from the Soviet Communist Party, in retaliation for his role in a 1957 attempt to oust Nikita Khrushchev from power.[90]
  • The first Samos-F satellite, also referred to as a "ferret satellite" because of its purpose of monitoring Soviet missiles and seeking out information, was launched from Cape Canaveral.[91]

February 22, 1962 (Thursday)

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February 23, 1962 (Friday)

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February 23, 1962: John Glenn receives the NASA Distinguished Service Medal from President Kennedy
  • Astronaut John Glenn arrived in Cape Canaveral to a hero's welcome and was reunited with his family for the first time since before going into space. U.S. President John F. Kennedy, for whom Cape Canaveral would be renamed temporarily during the 1960s and early 1970s, greeted Glenn and personally awarded the NASA Distinguished Service Medal to Glenn and Robert R. Gilruth.[3][97] Kennedy praised Glenn for "professional skill, unflinching courage and extraordinary ability to perform a most difficult task under physical stress."[97] It was then that Glenn revealed in an interview that the heat shield on his capsule began to break up upon re-entry, the loss of which would have been fatal. Glenn calmly said, "it could have been a bad day for everybody".[98]
  • Born: Lise Haavik, Norwegian singer; in Narvik
  • Died: James Halliday McDunnough, 84, Canadian entomologist who identified almost 1,500 different species of butterflies in North America[99]

February 24, 1962 (Saturday)

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General arrangement of liquid rocket systems (OAMS and RCS) in the Gemini spacecraft

February 25, 1962 (Sunday)

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  • The Judy Garland Show, a one-off special, appeared on the United States TV channel CBS and received a 49.5 rating, the highest rating CBS had for a variety show to that time. The success of the special led to a weekly series in 1963, which CBS cancelled after a year because of low ratings.[104]
  • Inspection of Atlas launch vehicle 107-D, designated for the May 24 Mercury 7 mission of Scott Carpenter, was conducted at the Convair Division of General Dynamics in San Diego.[3]
  • Born: Birgit Fischer, German kayaker; Olympic gold medalist in 1980 and 1988, and world champion in 1978–79, 1981–83, 1985 and 1987 for East Germany; Olympic gold medalist in 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004 and world champion in 1993–95, 1997–98 for united Germany; in Brandenburg an der Havel[105]

February 26, 1962 (Monday)

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February 26, 1962: John Glenn receives key to the city in Washington, D.C., as six-year-old Maria Shriver looks on

February 27, 1962 (Tuesday)

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  • Sublieutenant Nguyễn Văn Cử and Lt. Phạm Phú Quốc, two South Vietnamese members of the Republic of Vietnam Air Force, diverted from their combat mission south of Saigon and dropped bombs upon the presidential palace in an attempt to assassinate South Vietnamese President Ngô Đình Diệm. One of the 500-pound (230 kg) bombs landed in the room where the President and his advisers were but failed to detonate because it had been dropped from too low an altitude to arm itself. Quốc was arrested after being forced to land, while Cử fled to neighboring Cambodia. Both men would be reinstated to the Air Force after Diem's assassination in 1963.[109][110]
  • After getting word that U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy was preparing to fire him from his job as Director of the FBI, J. Edgar Hoover gave the Attorney General a memorandum of an FBI investigation of Judith Exner, noting that she had made phone calls to the private line of Robert's brother, U.S. President John F. Kennedy. Hoover remained FBI Director until his death in 1972.[111]
  • The United Kingdom's House of Commons voted 277–170 in favor of the Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962, designed to limit the immigration into Great Britain by residents of India, Pakistan, and the West Indies.[112]
  • An explosion at the Tito Coal Mine in Banovici, in the Bosnia republic of Yugoslavia, trapped 177 miners underground. Rescuers were able to save 123 of the men, but 54 were trapped inside and died.[113]

February 28, 1962 (Wednesday)

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References

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  1. ^ Gring-Pemble, Lisa M. (2003). Grim Fairy Tales: The Rhetorical Construction of American Welfare Policy. Greenwood Publishing. p. 59.
  2. ^ "Money to Train Jobless Sought". Spokane Spokesman-Review. February 2, 1962. p. 1.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Grimwood, James M. "PART III (A) Operational Phase of Project Mercury May 5, 1961 through May 1962". Project Mercury - A Chronology. NASA Special Publication-4001. NASA. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  4. ^ "Ghana And Soviets Sign Pact". Miami News. February 2, 1962. p. 2A.
  5. ^ "History's Highest Vault- Uelses Off To Boston After Record Showing". Miami News. February 3, 1962. p. 1C.
  6. ^ "Coach Certain of Foot Gain in Pole Vault". Painesville Telegraph. Painesville, Ohio. October 12, 1938. p. 9.
  7. ^ "Uelses To Improve, Says Warmerdam". Miami News. February 3, 1962. p. 1C.
  8. ^ Chinnery, Philip D. (1997). Air Commando: Fifty Years of the USAF Air Commando and Special Operations Forces, 1944-1994. Macmillan. p. 79.
  9. ^ "Soviets Go Underground In Latest Nuclear Test". Miami News. February 3, 1962. p. 3A.
  10. ^ "Pope Sets Date for Historic Council". Miami News. February 2, 1962. p. 1.
  11. ^ Stewart, E. (2001). The Three Villages. The Amble Social History Group.
  12. ^ "Gestorben Alexander Lion, 91". Der Spiegel (in German) (7/1962): 89. 14 February 1962. Archived from the original on 3 October 2011. Retrieved 13 May 2019.
  13. ^ "India Quakes as Doomsday Period Starts", Miami News, February 4, 1962, p2A;
  14. ^ "Well, What Do You Know! We Survived Doomsday", Miami News, February 5, 1962, p1
  15. ^ "U.S. SLAPS EMBARGO ON CUBAN IMPORTS", Miami News, February 4, 1962, p1
  16. ^ UCSB American Presidency Project
  17. ^ "AJPW All Asia Tag Team Championship official title history" (in Japanese). All-Japan.co.jp. Archived from the original on 2007-08-11. Retrieved 2007-08-29.
  18. ^ "Double Initial Murders: One Killer?". Rochester, New York. WHEC-TV. February 22, 2019. Archived from the original on December 28, 2019. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
  19. ^ "St. Jude Hospital Opens Fulfilling Comic's Vow". Youngstown Vindicator. Youngstown, Ohio. February 5, 1962. p. 2 – via Google News.
  20. ^ "Quick Facts about St. Jude". St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.
  21. ^ Franklin, Bob (2008). Pulling Newspapers Apart: Analysing Print Journalism. Taylor & Francis. p. 189.
  22. ^ Dawson, Andrew (2007). New Era, New Religions: Religious Transformation in Contemporary Brazil. Ashgate Publishing. p. 56.
  23. ^ Romanowski, Patricia; George-Warren, Holly; Pareles, Jon (1995). The New Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll. Fireside. p. 1992. ISBN 978-0-684-81044-7 – via Google Books.
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  26. ^ Willmington, H. L. (1981). Willmington's Guide to the Bible. Tyndale House Publishers. p. 565.
  27. ^ Naylor, Phillip C. (2000). France and Algeria: A History of Decolonization and Transformation. University Press of Florida. pp. 33–34.
  28. ^ "Jennifer Jason Leigh Biography". TV Guide. Archived from the original on January 25, 2021.
  29. ^ Greene, David (1985). Greene's biographical encyclopedia of composers. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. p. 1179. ISBN 9780385142786.
  30. ^ "Movies Buy A Lady For $5+12 Million", Miami News, February 7, 1962, p1
  31. ^ Sharon D. Wright, Race, Power, and Political Emergence in Memphis (Taylor & Francis, 2000)
  32. ^ "Monitor". Entertainment Weekly. No. 1245. February 8, 2013. p. 22.
  33. ^ Portinari, Cândido (2002). Candido Portinari, 1903-1962 : pinturas e desenhos : exposição comemorativa do centenário de nascimento do artista (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Edições Pinakotheke. p. 95. ISBN 9788571910164.
  34. ^ "Flying Saucers? AF Says You're Seeing Things", Miami News, February 7, 1962, p1
  35. ^ "It's Sam In Rally By Five: 2-Down At 54, Steady Snead Overhauls Gals"[permanent dead link], Palm Beach (FL) Post, February 8, 1962
  36. ^ "Slammin' Sam the only man with LPGA victory" Archived 2013-05-02 at the Wayback Machine, by Jason Sobel, golfchannel.com, February 8, 2012
  37. ^ Volker Skierka, Fidel Castro: A Biography (Wiley-Blackwell, 2004) p126
  38. ^ "400 COAL MINERS TRAPPED", Miami News, February 7, 1962, p1; "Saar Mine Toll Now 279", Miami News, February 8, 1962, p1
  39. ^ "Brooks, Troyal Garth (1962– )". Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture. Oklahoma Historical Society. Archived from the original on December 1, 2013. Retrieved December 9, 2013.
  40. ^ "Wild Paris Riot Brings France Near Anarchy". St. Petersburg Times. St. Petersburg, Florida. February 9, 1962. p. 1.
  41. ^ Ross, Kristin (May 15, 2002). May 1968 and Its Afterlives. University of Chicago Press. p. 41.
  42. ^ "We Can Blast At Christmas". Miami News. February 8, 1962. p. 9A.
  43. ^ "Jamaica To Get Freedom". Miami News. February 9, 1962. p. 4A.
  44. ^ "Malorie Blackman". Penguin UK Authors. Penguin Books Ltd. 1995–2007. Archived from the original on 19 April 2007. Retrieved 23 March 2007.
  45. ^ "Introduction to the Taiwan Stock Exchange"
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  47. ^ "U-2 PILOT POWERS FREED IN SWAP FOR RED SPY". Miami News. February 10, 1962. p. 1 – via Google News.
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  49. ^ Whittell, Giles (2010). Bridge of Spies: A True Story of the Cold War. Random House Digital.
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  51. ^ Cash, Johnny (2003). Cash: The Autobiography. With Patrick Carr. HarperCollins. p. 157.
  52. ^ "Baldwin, Tammy (1962— )", Biographical Dictionary of the United States Congress
  53. ^ "Sheryl Crow Archives". Us Weekly. Archived from the original on July 8, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
  54. ^ "Bill Lancaster: Lost in the Sahara After Attempting to Break the England-Cape Town Flight Speed Record". Historynet.com. June 12, 2006.
  55. ^ "Dragonfly Peak, 2156m".
  56. ^ Jim House and Neil MacMaster, Paris 1961: Algerians, State Terror, and Memory (Oxford University Press, 2006) p251
  57. ^ "TV Tours White House With First Lady Tonight". Youngstown Vindicator. February 14, 1962. p. 25.
  58. ^ "Mrs. Kennedy TV Hostess to Nation; Tells of Restoration of Interior of the White House". The New York Times. February 15, 1962. p. 1.
  59. ^ Roberts, John B. (2004). Rating the First Ladies: The Women Who Influenced the Presidency. Citadel Press. p. 279.
  60. ^ a b c d e f Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Grimwood, James M.; Hacker, Barton C.; Vorzimmer, Peter J. "PART I (B) Concept and Design January 1962 through December 1962". Project Gemini Technology and Operations - A Chronology. NASA Special Publication-4002. NASA. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  61. ^ a b Cook, Chris; Paxton, John (2000). European Political Facts of the Twentieth Century. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 393.
  62. ^ "Kekkonen Re-Elected In Finnish Vote". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Sarasota, Florida. February 16, 1962. p. 14.
  63. ^ "Secession End Voted By Katanga". Milwaukee Sentinel. February 15, 1962. p. 2.
  64. ^ Brecher, Michael; Wilkenfeld, Jonathan (1997). A Study of Crisis. University of Michigan Press. p. 435.
  65. ^ "210 Million Go To Indian Polls, Vote For 14,744". Miami News. February 16, 1962. p. 3A.
  66. ^ "1962 Report of India Election" (PDF).
  67. ^ Marshall, Dianne (2010). Sly Foxes, Wolves, and Men: Is Marxism Growing in America?. Tate Publishing. pp. 56–57.
  68. ^ Executive Orders And Laws relating to National Emergencies Laws
  69. ^ "Troops Sent To Guiana". Ottawa Citizen. February 16, 1962.
  70. ^ Rabe, Stephen G. (2005). U.S. Intervention in British Guiana: A Cold War Story. University of North Carolina Press. p. 89.
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  72. ^ Desmond Ball, Politics and Force Levels: The Strategic Missile Program of the Kennedy Administration (University of California Press, 1980) p196
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