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Chemnitz dialect

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chemnitz dialect
Native toGermany
RegionChemnitz
Language codes
ISO 639-3
GlottologNone

Chemnitz dialect is a distinct German dialect of the city of Chemnitz and an urban variety of Vorerzgebirgisch, a variant of Upper Saxon German.[1]

Phonology

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Consonants

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Consonant phonemes[1]
Labial Dental Postalveolar Dorsal Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Plosive fortis
lenis p t k
Fricative f s ʃ χ h
Approximant ʋ j
Liquid l ʁ
  • /m, p/ are bilabial, whereas /f, ʋ/ are labiodental.[2]
  • /n, t, l, s/ are dental [, , , ].[1]
    • /t/ is alveolar [] after /ʃ/.[3]
  • /ŋ, kʰ, k/ are velar, /χ, ʁ/ are uvular, and /j/ is palatal. /χ-ʁ/ do not constitute a voiceless-voiced pair.[2]
    • The /kʰ–k/ contrast is restricted to the word-initial position. In many cases, it corresponds to the /k–ɡ/ contrast in Standard German.[4]
    • /ʁ/ occurs only in onsets, and it has a few possible pronunciations, which are in free variation with one another:[3]
      • Voiced uvular approximant [ʁ̞];[3]
      • Voiced [ʁ] or voiceless [ʁ̥] lenis uvular fricative;[3]
      • Voiceless uvular trill [ʀ̥];[3]
      • Voiceless lenis uvular stop [q].[3]
  • /p, t, k, f, s, ʃ, χ/ may be voiced between sonorants.[4]
    • Word-final /p, t, k/ are sometimes voiced to [b, d, ɡ].[5]
    • Word-initially, the /t–k/ contrast is neutralized before /l/, which means that e.g. the word Kleid ('dress') can be pronounced as either [tleːt] or [kleːt].[6]
  • When a stop or fricative precedes, the sequences /əm, ən, əŋ, əl/ can be realized as syllabic consonants [m̩, n̩, ŋ̍, l̩]. The nasals appear depending on the place of articulation of the preceding consonant, so that it can be bilabial [m̩], dental [n̩], velar [ŋ̍] or uvular [ɴ̩].[3]
  • When another nasal precedes a syllabic nasal, such sequence is realized as a single consonant of variable length.[3]
  • Non-phonemic glottal stop [ʔ] is inserted in two cases:
    • Before word-initial vowels, even the unstressed ones.[3]
    • Before stressed syllable-initial vowels within words.[3]

Vowels

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Monophthongs of the Chemnitz dialect, from Khan & Weise (2013:236–237). Red vowels are pharyngealized.
Plain[7]
  [-back] [+back]
short long short long
Close ɪ ɵ ʉː
Close-mid ɵː
Open-mid ɛ ɛː ɞ
Open ʌ ʌː
Pharyngealized[8]
Unrounded Rounded
short long
Close ʊˤː
Close-mid oˤː
Open-mid ʌˤː ɔˤː
Open aˤː
Non-native[9]
Short Long
Close ʏ
Close-mid øː
Open-mid œ
  • The pharyngealized vowels correspond to the sequences of vowel + /r/ in the standard language.[8]
  • The non-native vowels are occasionally used in cognates of some Standard German words, such as brüder [ˈpʁyːtoˤ] ('brothers'). In other cases, they are pronounced the same as /ɪ, iː, ɛ, eː/.[9]
  • Unstressed short oral monophthongs may fall together as [ə].[7]
  • /ʊˤː, oˤː, ʌˤː, ɔˤː, aˤː/ are often diphthongal [ʊːɒ̯ˤ, oːɒ̯ˤ, ɪːɒ̯ˤ, ɔːɒ̯ˤ, ɛːɒ̯ˤ] in careful speech. Monophthongal realizations are optionally shortened in certain positions.[10]
  • /oˤ/ corresponds to Standard German [ɐ].[8]
  • Monophthongs are somewhat retracted when they precede dorsals, except /j/. The retraction is strongest before /χ, ʁ/. To a certain extent, this is also true of monophthongs that follow dorsal consonants.[9]
  • Monophthongs are allophonically pharyngealized if a vowel in the following syllable is pharyngealized.[9]
  • The phonetic quality of the monophthongs is as follows:
Diphthongs of the Chemnitz dialect, from Khan & Weise (2013:237).
Diphthong phonemes[8]
Ending point
unrounded rounded
Mid ɞʏ
Open ae
  • The starting point of /ɞʏ/ is higher and more front than the canonical value of the corresponding IPA symbol ([ɞ̝˖]).[8]
  • The starting points of /ae/ and /aɵ/ are higher and more central than the canonical value of the corresponding IPA symbol ([ä̝]).[8]
  • The ending points of Chemnitz German diphthongs are close to the canonical values of the corresponding IPA symbols ([ʏ, e, ɵ]).[8]

Sample

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The sample text is a reading of the first sentence of The North Wind and the Sun.[11]

Broad phonetic transcription

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[ˈeːnəs ˈtʌːχəs hʌmʃ toˤ ˈnoˤːtʋɪnt ɵnt ˈsɞnə kəˈtsʌŋt | ʋaˤː fɞn ˈpeːtn̩ tɛn nʉː toˤ ˈʃtaˤːkʁə ɪs | ɛls ə ˈʋʌntʁoˤ mɪt nəm ˈʋɔˤːmən ˈmʌntl̩ ʌn | foˤˈpeːkʰʌːm][11]

Orthographic version (standard German)

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Eines Tages haben sich der Nordwind und die Sonne gezankt, wer von den beiden denn nun der Stärkere ist, als ein Wanderer mit einem warmen Mantel an, vorbeikam.[11]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Khan & Weise (2013), p. 231.
  2. ^ a b Khan & Weise (2013), pp. 231–232.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Khan & Weise (2013), p. 235.
  4. ^ a b Khan & Weise (2013), pp. 232–233.
  5. ^ Khan & Weise (2013), p. 232.
  6. ^ Khan & Weise (2013), p. 234.
  7. ^ a b c d e Khan & Weise (2013), p. 236.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i Khan & Weise (2013), p. 237.
  9. ^ a b c d Khan & Weise (2013), p. 238.
  10. ^ a b c Khan & Weise (2013), pp. 236–237.
  11. ^ a b c Khan & Weise (2013), p. 239.

Bibliography

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  • Khan, Sameer ud Dowla; Weise, Constanze (2013), "Upper Saxon (Chemnitz dialect)" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (2): 231–241, doi:10.1017/S0025100313000145