Peru
I Peru, ngokusemthethweni iRiphabhlikhi yasePeru ( Spanish: República del Perú, ngesiQuechua : iPiruw Ripuwlika, e Aymara : iPiruw Suyu ), lilizwe elikuMzantsi Melika . Icande emntla yi Ecuador, emantla mpuma yiColombia, ngasempuma yiBrazil, emazantsi mpuma yiBolivia, emazantsi yiChile nasentshona kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki . IPeu lilizwe elinommandla obanzi, elineendawo zokuhlala ukusuka kumathafa akunxweme lwePasifiki ukuya kwincopho yeAndes enabela emantla ukuya kumzantsi-mpuma, kunye namahlathi ashinyeneyo ommandla weAmazon ngasempuma, noMlambo iAmazon . Nge-1.28 yezigidi zeekhilomitha, iPeru lilizwe leshumi elinesithoba ngobukhulu emhlabeni, kunye nelesithathu ngobukhulu eMzantsi Melika.
![](https://cdn.statically.io/img/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/95_-_Machu_Picchu_-_Juin_2009.jpg/220px-95_-_Machu_Picchu_-_Juin_2009.jpg)
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![](https://cdn.statically.io/img/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Lago_titicaca.png/220px-Lago_titicaca.png)
![](https://cdn.statically.io/img/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/80_-_Machu_Picchu_-_Juin_2009_-_edit.jpg/220px-80_-_Machu_Picchu_-_Juin_2009_-_edit.jpg)
![](https://cdn.statically.io/img/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Nazca_colibri.jpg/220px-Nazca_colibri.jpg)
![](https://cdn.statically.io/img/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Titikaka_Uros.jpg/220px-Titikaka_Uros.jpg)
Ummandla wasePeru ube likhaya leenkcubeko ezininzi zakudala, ukusuka kwimpucuko yeCaral, eyona mpucuko indala eMelika kunye nenye yeendlela ezintlanu zempucuko, ukuya kwi- Inca Empire, elona lizwe likhulu kwi- pre-Columbian America . Ummandla oquka iPeru ngoku uneyona mbali yempucuko inde kulo naliphi na ilizwe, elanda ilifa layo emva kwenkulungwane yesine BC.C.
UBukhosi baseSpain bawuthimba lo mmandla ngenkulungwane ye-16 baza baseka i- Viceroyalty apho, equka uninzi lwamathanga aseMzantsi Melika, nekomkhulu lawo eLima. I-Peru yafumana inkululeko ngo-1821, kwaye isiphelo sokugqibela solawulo lwaseSpain kulo mmandla satywinwa kwi- Battle of Ayacucho kwiminyaka emithathu kamva.
I-Peru yiriphabliki emele idemokhrasi yedemokhrasi eyahlulwe yangamacandelo angamashumi amabini anesihlanu olawulo. Lilizwe eliphuhlayo elinomlinganiselo ophezulu wophuhliso lwabantu [1] kunye nenqanaba lengeniso ephakathi [2] kunye nezinga lentlupheko malunga ne-19% [3]. Lelinye lawona mazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho kulo mmandla, anesantya sokukhula esiphakathi kwe-5.9% [3], kwaye inomlinganiselo okhawulezayo wokukhula kwamashishini ehlabathini, umyinge we-9.6% [4]. Eyona misebenzi yayo yoqoqosho yimigodi, ezolimo, ukuloba kunye nokuveliswa kwamalaphu; Okufanelekile ukuba kuqatshelwe amanye amacandelo ohlumo, afana nelothungelwano ngefowuni kunye ne-biotechnology. [5] I-Peru ithathwa njengelizwe "elikhululekile" yi-Freedom House [6], lilungu elisebenzayo le- Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, i -Pacific Alliance kunye ne- World Trade Organization ; igqalwa njengamandla aphakathi . [7] I-Peru lelinye lawona mazwe angalinganiyo kwihlabathi, kunye ne-1% yabemi ephethe i-30% yobutyebi. [8]
Abemi basePeru, abaqikelelwa malunga nezigidi ezingama-32.5, banezizwe ezininzi kwaye baquka ama-Amerindians, amaYurophu, amaAfrika, nama -Asiya. Olona lwimi luthethwayo sisiSpanish, nangona abantu abaninzi basePeru bathetha isiQuechua okanye ezinye iilwimi zomthonyama, njengesiAymara [9]
- ↑ "| Human Development Reports"
- ↑ "Peru | Data"
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Overview" (in English)
- ↑ "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency" 7 luglio 2018 archived from the original on 2018-07-07 retrieved 2023-09-10
- ↑ "Wayback Machine" 24 aprile 2018 archived from the original on 2018-04-24 retrieved 2023-09-10
- ↑ "Freedom in the world 2017"
- ↑ Routledge handbook of diplomacy and statecraft Routledge 2012 ISBN 978-0-203-80780-4 OCLC 785937152
- ↑ "Perú es el cuarto país más desigual del mundo" (in Spanish) 2023-02-06
- ↑ "Peru" Central Intelligence Agency archived from the original on 2016-11-05 retrieved 2023-09-10