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T cells are white blood cells that are important for adaptive immunity. They have unique cell surface receptors that are generated by randomly assorting genes. These receptors allow T cells to sense and respond to diverse types of infection.
Why some individuals ‘resist’ infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has been an enigma. Enriched T cell phenotypes have now been linked to ‘resistance’ to Mtb infection and disease across multiple cohorts.
Here, the authors show that there is a pretumorigenic TH17 subset in the intestines that can convert to being tumorigenic under the control of KLF6 and that this process can be prevented by TGFβ1 production from intestinal epithelial cells.
This Review covers recent advances in our understanding of CD28 co-stimulation of T cells and discusses an emerging paradigm that positions CD28 as central to the success of current and future immunotherapeutic approaches to treating cancer.
CD4+ T cells recognising shared susceptibility epitope (SE) encoded HLA-DRB1 presenting citrullinated self-peptides are implicated in rheumatoid arthritis. Here the authors characterise the T cell receptor repertoire and structure during recognition of different citrullinated self-epitopes in HLA-DR4 transgenic mice and ACPA + RA patients.
Shi, Zhou, Xuan, Jiang et al. identify a population of CD8+ T cells that migrate from bone marrow to the small intestine during leukaemogenesis and then traffic back to contribute to anti-leukaemia immune responses during chemotherapy treatment.
Lymphocytes need to be slowed down rapidly to enter tissues. Here the authors characterise the arrest of lymphocytes and using a calcium biosensor propose that a rapid drop in extracellular calcium concentration results in integrin activation and lymphocyte arrest.
Why some individuals ‘resist’ infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has been an enigma. Enriched T cell phenotypes have now been linked to ‘resistance’ to Mtb infection and disease across multiple cohorts.
Improved understanding of CD8+ T cell function during HIV infection is vital to designing an HIV cure. We have identified a subset of lymph node CD8+ T cells that demonstrate simultaneous stem-like and effector properties and are strongly associated with viral control during SIV and HIV infection.
An adoptive cellular therapy based on γδ T cells, which were engineered to secrete a tumour-targeting opsonin as well as an IL-15 superagonist, controlled tumour growth in a mouse model of patient-derived osteosarcoma.