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Eukaryote is the term describing one of the domains of living organisms, those with a nucleus and organelles bounded by internal phospholipid membrane systems. In contrast to bacteria and archaea, eukaryotes may be multicellular. Animals, plants, fungi and many unicellular organisms previously classified as protista are eukaryotes.
Reproducibility is key to all fields of research, and in the case of animal research, this can be hampered by inconsistent reporting of animal genetics. Here the authors propose a reporting framework and guidelines designed to discuss the validation and standardise the reporting of genetic backgrounds and genetic alterations in animal models.
The authors show that Hog1, the ortholog of mammalian p38 MAPK, is activated during replicative senescence to counteract the increased ROS levels independently of the checkpoint pathway in telomerase-negative Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells.
Chiang et al. map a genetic interaction in animal mitochondrial DNA by recombination. This reveals how polymorphisms in two complex IV subunits jointly affect cardiolipin binding to impact complex stability, organismal fitness and disease expression.
Synthetic biology is maturing into a true engineering discipline for model microorganisms, but remains far from straightforward for most eukaryotes. Here, we outline the key challenges facing those trying to engineer biology across eukaryota and suggest areas of focus that will aid future progress.
The finding that the archaeonIgnicoccus hospitalishas a charged outer membrane has implications for symbiosis and, possibly, for the evolution of eukaryotes.