Epic Sciences’ Post

How Tellurium Dioxide TeO2 is used in Semiconductor Material？ Tellurium dioxide (TeO2) is an important material in the semiconductor industry due to its unique electrical and optical properties. Here are some of the primary ways Tellurium dioxide is used in semiconductor materials: 1. Acousto-Optic Devices: TeO2 is widely used in acousto-optic devices, which are components that can modulate light based on sound waves. This includes acousto-optic modulators, deflectors, and tunable filters. The high refractive index and low acoustic attenuation of TeO2 make it ideal for these applications, enabling precise control of light in various optical systems. 2. Optical Isolators and Circulators: In telecommunications and laser applications, TeO2 is used in optical isolators and circulators. These devices protect lasers and other optical components from back reflections, improving the stability and performance of optical systems. The material’s birefringent properties are key to its functionality in these devices. 3. Infrared Detectors: TeO2 is used in the fabrication of infrared detectors, which are critical components in various applications, including thermal imaging, spectroscopy, and environmental monitoring. Its good transparency in the infrared region and high refractive index enhance the performance of these detectors. 4. Thin-Film Transistors (TFTs): TeO2 is explored as a material for thin-film transistors, which are used in displays and various electronic devices. Its semiconductor properties, including suitable bandgap and carrier mobility, make it a potential candidate for TFT applications. 5. Nonlinear Optical Materials: TeO2 is used in nonlinear optical materials, which are essential in the development of advanced photonic devices. These materials are used to generate new frequencies of light and enable various nonlinear optical processes, such as frequency doubling and parametric oscillation. 6. Optical Waveguides: TeO2 is used in the production of optical waveguides, which are structures that guide light signals in integrated photonic circuits. Its high refractive index allows for efficient light confinement and propagation, making it suitable for waveguide applications in optical communication and signal processing. 7. Radiation Detectors: Due to its high atomic number, TeO2 is used in radiation detectors for X-ray and gamma-ray detection. These detectors are used in medical imaging, security screening, and scientific research to detect and measure high-energy radiation. 8. Optoelectronic Devices: TeO2 is used in various optoelectronic devices, including photodetectors and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Its optical and electronic properties contribute to the performance and efficiency of these devices, which are essential in modern electronics and communication systems.

Know About the Optical Waveguide Alignment System https://lnkd.in/gC8qxG62

#snsinstitutions #snsdesignthinkers #designthinking #dsp Digital signal processing (DSP) is the use of digital processing, such as by computers or more specialized digital signal processors, to perform a wide variety of signal processing operations. The digital signals processed in this manner are a sequence of numbers that represent samples of a continuous variable in a domain such as time, space, or frequency. In digital electronics, a digital signal is represented as a pulse train,which is typically generated by the switching of a transistor. Digital signal processing and analog signal processing are subfields of signal processing. DSP applications include audio and speech processing, sonar, radar and other sensor array processing, spectral density estimation, statistical signal processing, digital image processing, data compression, video coding, audio coding, image compression, signal processing for telecommunications, control systems, biomedical engineering, and seismology, among others. DSP can involve linear or nonlinear operations. Nonlinear signal processing is closely related to nonlinear system identification and can be implemented in the time, frequency, and spatio-temporal domains. The application of digital computation to signal processing allows for many advantages over analog processing in many applications, such as error detection and correction in transmission as well as data compression.

Principle Analysis Of Photoelectric Module Mach Zehnder Modulator First, the basic concept of Mach Zehnder modulator Mach-Zehnder modulator is an optical modulator used to convert electrical signals into optical signals. Its working principle is based on the electro-optical effect, through the electric field to control the refractive index of light in the medium to achieve light modulation, is to divide the input light into two equal signals into the two optical branches of the modulator. The materials used in these two optical branches are electro-optical materials, whose refractive index varies with the size of the externally applied electrical signal. Since the refractive index change of the optical branch will cause the signal phase change, when the output end of the two branch signal modulator is combined again, the synthesized optical signal will be an interference signal with a change in intensity, which is equivalent to converting the change of the electrical signal into a change of the optical signal, and realizing the modulation of the light intensity. In short, the modulator can realize the modulation of different side bands by controlling its bias voltage. Second, the role of Mach Zehnder modulator Mach-Zehnder modulator are mainly used in optical fiber communication and other fields. In fiber optic communications, digital signals need to be converted into optical signals for transmission, and Machzender modulators can convert electrical signals into optical signals. Its role is to achieve high-speed and high-quality signal transmission in optical fiber communication systems. The Mach Zehnder modulator can also be used for experimental research in the field of optoelectronics. For example, it can be used to make coherent light sources and to implement single-photon operations. Third, the characteristics of Mach Zehnder modulator 1. Mach Zehnder modulator can convert electrical signals into optical signals to achieve high-speed, high-quality signal transmission. 2. When the modulator is working, it needs to be used with other devices such as light sources, light detectors, etc., to form a complete optical fiber communication system. 3. Mach Zehnder modulator has the characteristics of fast response speed and low power consumption, which can meet the needs of high-speed communication. #Optical #photonics #semiconductor #Optics #opticalcenter #SiliconPhotonics #photodetectors #optomechanics #laser Read More: https://lnkd.in/gXW_bNCt

Ultrafast plasmonics for all-optical switching and pulsed lasers LSPR in small metallic NPs. (A) Schematic illustration for the depiction of applying an electric field along the z axis. (B) A small Ag NP is surrounded by the field enrichment (color map) and field lines of the full Poynting vector, which is either on resonance (right) at 346 nm or off-resonance (left) at 600 nm [44]. Photoexcitation and relaxation of metallic NPs. (C to F) The excitation and subsequent relaxation processes that occur when a laser pulse illuminates a metal NP. Here, gray depicts the electronic states, while red denotes excited electrons, and a deficiency of electrons (a hole) is shown in blue. (C) The activation of an LSP directs light toward and into the NP first [94,97]. (D) By following Landau damping, e–h pairs re-emit photons, or charge multiplication occurs due to e–e interaction, leading to decay within a time of τnth in the 1- to 100-fs range. (E) Scattering of e–e occurs within a time of τel in 100 fs to 1 ps. (F) Heat dissipation in the environment from 100 ps to 10 ns through the process of thermal conduction [97]. (G) Symmetry point depiction in the reciprocal wavevector space of Sr2RuO4 to monitor the momentum and energy of light-emitted electrons [102]. (H) Electronic paths and simulated field enhancement within the energy range of 0 to 100 eV, with a length of 160-nm antenna [103]. Plasmonics is playing a crucial role in advancing nanophotonics, as plasmonic structures exhibit a wide range of physical characteristics that are benefited by localized and intensified light-matter interactions. These properties are exploited in numerous applications, such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy, sensors, and nanolasers. In addition to these applications, the ultrafast optical response of plasmons is also a crucial property that has been exploited to attain optical signal switching across different spectral bands, which is critical for advanced optical logic circuits and telecommunication systems. Recently, optical switching has become a significant component in the advancement of all-optical computation and signal processing, wherein these optical switching devices are required to have enhanced response speed and modulation depth along with a wide range of spectral tunability. The recent developments in the fabrication and characterization of plasmonic nanostructures have stimulated continuous effects in the search for their potential applications in the photonics field. Concentrating on the role of plasmonics in photonics have covered recent advances in ultrafast plasmonic materials with a prime focus on all-optical switching. Fundamental phenomena of plasmonic light-matter interaction and plasmon dynamics have been discussed by elaborating on the ultrafast processes unraveled by both experimental and theoretical methods along with a comprehensive illustration of leveraging. #plasmonic #nanostructures #laser #pulsed #LSPR #photonics

Fiber optics vs. copper cables Optical fiber carries more information than conventional copper wire, due to its higher bandwidth and faster speeds. Because glass does not conduct electricity, fiber optics is not subject to electromagnetic interference, and signal losses are minimized. Advantages and disadvantages of fiber optics Fiber optic cables are used mainly for their advantages over copper cables. Advantages include the following: ·      They support higher bandwidth capacities. ·      Light can travel further without needing as much of a signal boost. ·      They are less susceptible to interference, such as electromagnetic interference. ·      They can be submerged in water. ·      Fiber optic cables are stronger, thinner, and lighter than copper wire cables. ·      They do not need to be maintained or replaced as frequently. However, it is important to note that fiber optics do have disadvantages users should know about. These disadvantages include the following: ·      Copper wire is often cheaper than fiber optics. ·      Glass fiber requires more protection within an outer cable than copper. ·      Installing new cabling is labor-intensive. ·      Fiber optic cables are often more fragile. For example, the fibers can be broken or a signal can be lost if the cable is bent or curved around a radius of a few centimeters. Fiber optics uses Computer networking and broadcasting Computer networking is a common fiber optics use case due to optical fiber's ability to transmit data and provide high bandwidth. Similarly, fiber optics is frequently used in broadcasting and electronics to provide better connections and performance. Internet and cable television Internet and cable television are two of the more commonly found usages of fiber optics. Fiber optics can be installed to support long-distance connections between computer networks in different locations. Undersea environments Fiber optics are used in more at-risk environments, like undersea cables, as they can be submerged in water and don't need to be frequently replaced. Military and space Military and space industries also make use of optical fiber as a means of communication and signal transfer, in addition to its ability to provide temperature sensing. Fiber optic cables can be beneficial due to their lighter weight and smaller size. Medical Fiber optics is frequently used in a variety of medical instruments to provide precise illumination. It also increasingly enables biomedical sensors that aid in minimally invasive medical procedures. Because optical fiber is not subject to electromagnetic interference, it is ideal for various tests like MRI scans. Other medical applications for fiber optics include X-ray imaging, endoscopy, light therapy, and surgical microscopy.

Opportunity

Photonics Engineer

Compact vectorial optical field generator Abstract 1，Vector light field can be widely used in optical capture and manipulation, surface plasmonics, optical processing, focal field engineering, quantum information processing, super-resolution micro-imaging, and optical communications. CVOFG-100 is a portable, compact and multifunctional vector light field generator based on reflective liquid crystal spatial light modulator, which can generate arbitrary complex light beams Key Features Model：CVOFG-100 can fully control all spatial degrees of freedom (phase, amplitude, polarization ratio, retardation) at the pixel-by-pixel level, and can either independently modulate each single degree of freedom of the vector light field or comprehensively modulate for all degrees of freedom of the beam, which provides excellent flexibility and comprehensiveness of functionality as compared to the currently used methods. The system is more compact and integrated, and can be applied to optical micro-machining, optical nana-fabrication, surface plasma excitation, optical micro-manipulation, optical imaging, and other applications. Key Features： Vector light field single-degree-freedom modulation Combined modulation of all 4 degrees of freedom, or optionally, modulation of 2-3 degrees of freedom Aluminum case Compact size 750x604x329mm Components： Wavelength：420-650nm/650-1100nm/1400-1700nm Modulation pixel precision：3.74um (6.4um/8um） Degree of modulation：Phase（0~2π），Amplitude（1：6），Polarization ratio（0-2π），Retardation（-π/2-π/2） 2.3  4160x2464 GAEA-2 SLM  Researchers may wish to use SLM in multiple experiments. The compact vector light field generator is designed with this in mind. Users can simply remove it from the Model:CVOFG-100 system and add it to any other optical system. 4160x2464 GAEA-2 SLM parameter: Resolution: 4160 x 2464  Active Area：15.56x9.22mm Pixel Pitch: 3.74um Fill Factor: 90% Max. Spatial Resolution：133.5 lp/mm  Addressing： 8 Bit (256 Grey Levels) The Compact Vector Light Field Generation System also provides closed-loop control software for the multi-degree-of-freedom light field modulation system, which can load phase maps onto the SLM according to the customer's needs, and at the same time automatically control the rotations of the quarter-wave plate and the polarizer, and collect data on the light intensity received on the CCD under different combinations of rotational angles, in order to characterize the generated vector light field. A sample MATLAB program for designing grayscale maps is provided.   polarization ratio modulation      Fig6 Retardation modulation    Customized design: If a compact light field generator is required for specific applications such as optical capture and manipulation, micro-imaging, optical processing, etc., we can customize the number of modulation parameters of the light field generator according to the customer's requirements.

How to use a Scanning Acoustic Tomography in semiconductor industry ? Scanning Acoustic Tomography (SAT) is a valuable tool in the semiconductor industry for non-destructive testing and evaluation of semiconductor materials and devices. This technology utilizes sound waves to create high-resolution images of internal structures, defects, and material properties, providing critical information for quality control, process optimization, and failure analysis. 1.Understanding Scanning Acoustic Tomography (SAT) SAT works by transmitting ultrasonic pulses into the material being tested and measuring the time it takes for the echoes to return. This data is then used to construct a three-dimensional image of the internal structure, allowing analysts to visualize and assess the quality of the material. 2. Preparation and Setup Before performing SAT, it is essential to prepare the semiconductor sample properly. This includes cleaning the surface to remove any contaminants that could interfere with the sound waves and ensuring the sample is positioned correctly for scanning. 3. Performing the Scan During the scan, the sample is placed on a stage that can move in multiple directions, allowing the ultrasonic transducer to scan the entire surface. The transducer emits ultrasonic waves, which penetrate the material and are reflected back by internal structures and defects. The reflected waves are then detected by the transducer and used to create an image of the internal structure. 4. Image Reconstruction Once the scan is complete, the data is processed using specialized software to reconstruct a detailed image of the internal structure. This image can reveal defects such as voids, cracks, and delaminations defects, as well as provide information about material properties such as density and elasticity. 5. Analysis and Interpretation The final step in using SAT in the semiconductor industry is to analyze and interpret the images produced. This can involve identifying and quantifying defects, assessing material properties, and correlating the findings with other test results to gain a comprehensive understanding of the sample’s quality and characteristics. In conclusion, Scanning Acoustic Tomography is a powerful tool for non-destructive testing in the semiconductor industry, providing valuable insights into the internal structure and properties of semiconductor materials and devices. By following proper procedures for sample preparation, scanning, and image analysis, SAT can help semiconductor manufacturers improve product quality, optimize manufacturing processes, and reduce the risk of defects and failures. https://lnkd.in/g9g9JeXu