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JavaScript is a lightweight, object-oriented, cross-platform scripting language, often used within web pages.

Adobe Flash (by Adobe Systems, formerly Shockwave Flash and Macromedia Flash and now part of Adobe Animate CC) is a multimedia platform for adding animation and interactivity to web pages.

jQuery is a JavaScript library that simplifies HTML document traversing, event handling, animating and Ajax interaction. Originally developed by John Resig.

Modernizr is a JavaScript library that detects HTML5 and CSS3 features in the visitors browser.

React is an open source JavaScript library for building user interfaces, developed by Facebook.

Nginx (pronounced as "engine X") is a lightweight open source web server developed by Igor Sysoev.

Envoy Proxy is a proxy server designed for large service-oriented architectures.

Mail.Ru is a Russian provider of internet services. This includes the VK brand.

Mail.Ru is a Russian provider of internet services.

Mail.Ru is a Russian provider of internet services. This includes the VK brand.

Mail.Ru is a Russian provider of internet services. This includes the VK brand.

GlobalSign is an IT security service provider, also operating as SSL certificate authority.

Google Analytics is a free service to get detailed statistics about the visitors of a website, provided by Google. This includes the Ads conversion tracking and the Floodlight services.

LiveInternet is a Russian web access counter service.

Top.Mail.Ru is a Russian web access counter service.

Yandex.Metrica is a free web analytics system combining customizable reporting tools with behavioral analytics.

Full Circle Studies collects information about general website visitation patterns as part of the ComScore market research.

The Google Advertising network consists of AdSense, DoubleClick and other services.

The Google Tag Manager is a Google service to support webmasters to manage tags on their websites.

External Cascading Style Sheets define style rules in a separate CSS file.

Embedded Cascading Style Sheets define a set of style rules in a <style> element within a web page.

Inline Cascading Style Sheets define style rules directly within an (X)HTML element using the style attribute.

Session cookies are temporary cookies, which are deleted when the user closes the browser.

Persistent cookies with an expiration time between 1 month and 1 year.

Persistent cookies with an expiration time between 1 and 10 years.

HttpOnly cookies are used only in the HTTP protocol and not in client side scripts, which may increase security.

Non-HttpOnly cookies are used in the HTTP protocol and also in client side scripts, which may be a security threat.

Secure cookies are used only via an encrypted connections, which may increase security.

Non-secure cookies may be used via an unencrypted connections, which may be a security threat.

Gzip (GNU zip) is a file compression algorithm.

The Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) provides amongst others a vastly larger address space than the preceding version 4. We consider a website to support IPv6 if a 128-bit address is assigned to it, regardless of the content delivered at that address.

HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) defines a mechanism enabling web sites to declare themselves accessible only via secure connections.

The websites redirects visitors to use SSL encryption, e.g. from http://example.com/ to https://example.com/.

HTTP/2 is the second major version of the HTTP network protocol.

The Open Graph protocol, originally developed by Facebook, is an RDFa-based format that enables any web page to become a rich object in a social graph.

Twitter Cards enable automatic attachment of photos, videos and media elements to Tweets.

Generic RDFa (Resource Description Framework in attributes) is RDFa without further specialization.

JSON-LD (JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data) is a method of encoding Linked Data using JSON.

Microdata is a specification to integrate metadata within existing content on web pages.

HTML5 is the fifth revision of the HTML standard.

UTF-8 (8-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode, which is backwards compatible with ASCII.

PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is a lossless compression image format, suitable to store graphics with uniformly colored areas, and originally introduced as a free, open-source successor of GIF.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a lossy compression method suitable to store photographic images.

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector image format.

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is a lossless compression image format, originally introduced by CompuServe and suitable to store graphics, logos and simple animations.

WebP is an image format that provides lossless and lossy compression, developed by Google.

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