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Drupal is an open source content management system written in PHP, originally developed by Dries Buytaert.

Bigcommerce is a hosted web shop builder.

Discourse is an open source discussion platform written in Ruby on Rails.

Status.io provides hosted system status pages.

Nanoc is a static site generator written in Ruby.

PHP is a scripting language for creating websites.

Ruby is a general-purpose object-oriented language originally developed by Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto in Japan.

Static websites don't use any server-side programming language for generating web pages, but deliver fixed content which is created manually or with an offline tool.

JavaScript is a lightweight, object-oriented, cross-platform scripting language, often used within web pages.

jQuery is a JavaScript library that simplifies HTML document traversing, event handling, animating and Ajax interaction. Originally developed by John Resig.

Bootstrap is an open source HTML, CSS, and JavaScript framework.

Modernizr is a JavaScript library that detects HTML5 and CSS3 features in the visitors browser.

Vue.js is a JavaScript library for building interactive web interfaces, based on the Model View ViewModel pattern.

Highcharts is a library for creating interactive charts.

Bootstrap is an open source HTML, CSS, and JavaScript framework.

Cloudflare Server is a web server developed by Cloudflare.

Nginx (pronounced as "engine X") is a lightweight open source web server developed by Igor Sysoev.

Unix is a range of operating systems originally developed at Bell Labs. This includes Unix and Unix-like systems, such as Linux.

Debian is a Linux distribution.

Amazon is a US-based e-commerce and cloud computing provider.

Google provides various services to run on its servers.

Bigcommerce is a hosted web shop builder.

Discourse offers managed hosting of its open source discussion platform.

Status.io provides hosted system status pages.

Amazon is a US-based e-commerce and cloud computing provider.

Google provides various services to run on its servers.

Bigcommerce is a hosted web shop builder.

Cloudflare provides a content delivery network.

Amazon CloudFront is a content delivery web service by Amazon.

Akamai is a content delivery network. This includes the former brand Instart Logic.

Cloudflare provides DNS servers and other web services.

Amazon is a US-based e-commerce and cloud computing provider.

Bigcommerce is a hosted web shop builder.

Gmail is the email service provided by Google.

Mailgun is an email service provider.

Bigcommerce is a hosted web shop builder.

Discourse offers managed hosting of its open source discussion platform.

IdenTrust is a SSL certificate authority.

Let’s Encrypt is a free, automated, and open certificate authority provided by the Internet Security Research Group.

Sectigo (formerly Comodo CA) is a US-based SSL certificate authority.

DigiCert is an SSL certificate authority. This includes Verizon, whose Enterprise SSL Business has been acquired by DigiCert.

The CDNJS is a content distribution network, hosting a large number of JavaScript libraries, provided by CloudFlare.

jsDelivr is a service for hosting JavaScript files.

The jQuery CDN hosts copies of the jQuery library, provided by MaxCDN.

Google Analytics is a free service to get detailed statistics about the visitors of a website, provided by Google. This includes the Ads conversion tracking and the Floodlight services.

Facebook Pixel is an analytics tool to track actions on websites.

Microsoft UET (Universal Event Tracking) records what visitors do on a website after they click on an ad.

New Relic is a web application performance management tool.

Snowplow is an open-source web analytics platform.

The LinkedIn Insight Tag helps to optimize LinkedIn campaigns.

Clicky is a real-time web analytics tool by Roxr Software.

The Google Advertising network consists of AdSense, DoubleClick and other services.

The Google Tag Manager is a Google service to support webmasters to manage tags on their websites.

Adobe DTM (Dynamic Tag Management) is a tag management system by Adobe, part of Abode Analytics. This includes Satellite, previously owned by Search Discovery, and Adobe TagManager.

Facebook Social Plugins provide a way for Facebook users to share web pages with their friends.

A Twitter Button allows a Twitter user to post a tweet from the visited site.

LinkedIn Share Buttons enable visitors to to share website content with their LinkedIn network.

Hacker News is a technology-centered social news and link sharing service.

External Cascading Style Sheets define style rules in a separate CSS file.

Embedded Cascading Style Sheets define a set of style rules in a <style> element within a web page.

Inline Cascading Style Sheets define style rules directly within an (X)HTML element using the style attribute.

Session cookies are temporary cookies, which are deleted when the user closes the browser.

Persistent cookies with an expiration time of up to 1 day.

Persistent cookies with an expiration time between 1 day and 1 month.

Persistent cookies with an expiration time between 1 and 10 years.

HttpOnly cookies are used only in the HTTP protocol and not in client side scripts, which may increase security.

Non-HttpOnly cookies are used in the HTTP protocol and also in client side scripts, which may be a security threat.

Secure cookies are used only via an encrypted connections, which may increase security.

Non-secure cookies may be used via an unencrypted connections, which may be a security threat.

Gzip (GNU zip) is a file compression algorithm.

Brotli is a lossless compression algorithm developed by Google.

A strong ETag is an HTTP header field for validation of cached web pages, that indicates a byte-for-byte identical page in the cache.

A weak ETag is an HTTP header field for validation of cached web pages, that indicates a semantically equivalent page in the cache.

The Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) provides amongst others a vastly larger address space than the preceding version 4. We consider a website to support IPv6 if a 128-bit address is assigned to it, regardless of the content delivered at that address.

HTTP/2 is the second major version of the HTTP network protocol.

HTTP/3 is the third major version of the HTTP network protocol, derived from the QUIC protocol.

HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) defines a mechanism enabling web sites to declare themselves accessible only via secure connections.

The websites redirects visitors to use SSL encryption, e.g. from http://example.com/ to https://example.com/.

The Open Graph protocol, originally developed by Facebook, is an RDFa-based format that enables any web page to become a rich object in a social graph.

Twitter Cards enable automatic attachment of photos, videos and media elements to Tweets.

JSON-LD (JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data) is a method of encoding Linked Data using JSON.

Generic RDFa (Resource Description Framework in attributes) is RDFa without further specialization.

Microdata is a specification to integrate metadata within existing content on web pages.

HTML5 is the fifth revision of the HTML standard.

UTF-8 (8-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode, which is backwards compatible with ASCII.

PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is a lossless compression image format, suitable to store graphics with uniformly colored areas, and originally introduced as a free, open-source successor of GIF.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a lossy compression method suitable to store photographic images.

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector image format.

WebP is an image format that provides lossless and lossy compression, developed by Google.

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is a lossless compression image format, originally introduced by CompuServe and suitable to store graphics, logos and simple animations.

ICO is an image file format for computer icons, originally used in Microsoft Windows, on the Web often used for favicons.

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