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Drupal is an open source content management system written in PHP, originally developed by Dries Buytaert.

Joomla is an open source content management system, based on PHP and MySQL, originally forked from Mambo.

Zimbra is a collaboration suite written in Java, owned by Synacor.

PHP is a scripting language for creating websites.

Microsoft's Active Server Pages technology on the .NET framework.

Java is a general-purpose language originally developed by Sun Microsystems.

JavaScript is a lightweight, object-oriented, cross-platform scripting language, often used within web pages.

jQuery is a JavaScript library that simplifies HTML document traversing, event handling, animating and Ajax interaction. Originally developed by John Resig.

Bootstrap is an open source HTML, CSS, and JavaScript framework.

Lodash is a JavaScript utility library delivering modularity.

Vue.js is a JavaScript library for building interactive web interfaces, based on the Model View ViewModel pattern.

Popper is an open source JavaScript library for tooltips and popovers.

Skeleton is a simple, responsive CSS framework.

Bootstrap is an open source HTML, CSS, and JavaScript framework.

Animate is a CSS library focusing on animations.

Nginx (pronounced as "engine X") is a lightweight open source web server developed by Igor Sysoev.

The LiteSpeed Web Server is a lightweight web server by LiteSpeed Technologies.

The Internet Information Services (IIS) are a set of Internet-based services for Windows, developed by Microsoft.

Unix is a range of operating systems originally developed at Bell Labs. This includes Unix and Unix-like systems, such as Linux.

Windows is an operating system produced by Microsoft.

Ubuntu is a Linux distribution.

Oracle provides a large range of IT products and services.

Oracle provides a large range of IT products and services.

DigiCert is an SSL certificate authority. This includes Verizon, whose Enterprise SSL Business has been acquired by DigiCert.

Let’s Encrypt is a free, automated, and open certificate authority provided by the Internet Security Research Group.

IdenTrust is a SSL certificate authority.

Sectigo (formerly Comodo CA) is a US-based SSL certificate authority.

The CDNJS is a content distribution network, hosting a large number of JavaScript libraries, provided by CloudFlare.

Google Hosted Libraries (formerly called Google Libraries API) is a content distribution network for the most popular, open-source JavaScript libraries, provided by Google.

The jQuery CDN hosts copies of the jQuery library, provided by MaxCDN.

jsDelivr is a service for hosting JavaScript files.

unpkg is a JavaScript content delivery network for libraries that use the npm package manager.

Google Analytics is a free service to get detailed statistics about the visitors of a website, provided by Google. This includes the Ads conversion tracking and the Floodlight services.

The Google Advertising network consists of AdSense, DoubleClick and other services.

The Google Tag Manager is a Google service to support webmasters to manage tags on their websites.

Facebook Social Plugins provide a way for Facebook users to share web pages with their friends.

A Twitter Button allows a Twitter user to post a tweet from the visited site.

The WhatsApp share button allows users to share content with their WhatsApp contacts.

LinkedIn Share Buttons enable visitors to to share website content with their LinkedIn network.

AddThis is a social bookmarking and sharing service owned by Clearspring Technologies.

External Cascading Style Sheets define style rules in a separate CSS file.

Embedded Cascading Style Sheets define a set of style rules in a <style> element within a web page.

Inline Cascading Style Sheets define style rules directly within an (X)HTML element using the style attribute.

Session cookies are temporary cookies, which are deleted when the user closes the browser.

Persistent cookies with an expiration time of up to 1 day.

Persistent cookies with an expiration time between 1 month and 1 year.

HttpOnly cookies are used only in the HTTP protocol and not in client side scripts, which may increase security.

Non-HttpOnly cookies are used in the HTTP protocol and also in client side scripts, which may be a security threat.

Secure cookies are used only via an encrypted connections, which may increase security.

Non-secure cookies may be used via an unencrypted connections, which may be a security threat.

Gzip (GNU zip) is a file compression algorithm.

A strong ETag is an HTTP header field for validation of cached web pages, that indicates a byte-for-byte identical page in the cache.

HTTP/2 is the second major version of the HTTP network protocol.

HTTP/3 is the third major version of the HTTP network protocol, derived from the QUIC protocol.

QUIC (Quick UDP Internet Connections) is an experimental network protocol, originally designed by Google and submitted to IETF standardization.

HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) defines a mechanism enabling web sites to declare themselves accessible only via secure connections.

The websites redirects visitors to use SSL encryption, e.g. from http://example.com/ to https://example.com/.

The Open Graph protocol, originally developed by Facebook, is an RDFa-based format that enables any web page to become a rich object in a social graph.

Twitter Cards enable automatic attachment of photos, videos and media elements to Tweets.

HTML5 is the fifth revision of the HTML standard.

UTF-8 (8-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode, which is backwards compatible with ASCII.

PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is a lossless compression image format, suitable to store graphics with uniformly colored areas, and originally introduced as a free, open-source successor of GIF.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a lossy compression method suitable to store photographic images.

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is a lossless compression image format, originally introduced by CompuServe and suitable to store graphics, logos and simple animations.

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