Abstract
Purpose
Thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules are the most prevalent form of thyroid endocrine disorder. The balance of gut microbiome is highly crucial for a healthy human body, especially for the immune and endocrine system. However, the relationship between gut microbiome and the thyroid endocrine disorders such as thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules has not been reported yet.
Methods
A cohort of 74 patients was recruited for this study. Among them, 20 patients had thyroid cancer, 18 patients had thyroid nodules, and 36 were matched healthy controls. Gut microbiome composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA (16S ribosomal RNA) gene-based sequencing protocol.
Results
We compared the gut microbiome results of 74 subjects and established the correlation between gut microbiome and thyroid endocrine function for both thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules. The results inferred that alpha and beta diversity were different for patients with thyroid tumor than the healthy controls (p < 0.01). In comparison to healthy controls, the relative abundance of Neisseria (p < 0.001) and Streptococcus (p < 0.001) was significantly higher for thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules. Butyricimonas (p < 0.001) and Lactobacillus (p < 0.001) displayed notably lower relative abundance for thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules, respectively. It was also found that the clinical indexes were correlated with gut microbiome.
Conclusion
Our results indicate that both thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules are associated with the composition of gut microbiome. These results may support further clinical diagnosis to a great extent and help in developing potential probiotics to facilitate the treatment of thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules.
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Abbreviations
- Tg:
-
Thyroglobulin
- TgAb:
-
Thyroglobulin antibody
- TSH:
-
Thyroid stimulating hormone
- FT3:
-
Free triiodothyronine
- FT4:
-
Free tetraiodothyronine
- TRAb:
-
Thyrotropin receptor antibody
- TPOAb:
-
Thyroid peroxidase antibody
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Funding
This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.31471202 (Lei Zhang) and No. 81670822 (Ye Wang); the Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program under contract No. 2016YYSP009 (Lei Zhang); Weihai Technique Extension Project under contract No. 2016GNS023 (Lei Zhang). Qingdao Key Research Project No. 17-3-3-10-nsh (Chunling Zhang). Lei Zhang was also supported by the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province (No. tshw20120206).
Author Contributions
L.Z., J.Y. and M.Y. designed the study. J.Z., C.L., Y.Y., H.W., Y.S., Y.W., X.M., D.Z., and C.Z. performed measurements and data analysis. C.Z. and Q.X. obtained samples. F.Z., J.Z. and L.Z. wrote the manuscript. All authors have read and critically revised the manuscript.
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All the subjects signed informed consent beforehand and belonged to the same geographical area. Data was collected by using a standardized questionnaire including basic information, medical history and examination results.
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Zhang, J., Zhang, F., Zhao, C. et al. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is associated with thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules and correlated with clinical index of thyroid function. Endocrine 64, 564–574 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-018-1831-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-018-1831-x