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==History==
==History==
The CRT is part of the central government's project to [[China Western Development|develop the Western regions]] and the [[Japan Bank for International Cooperation]] provided part of the funding.<ref>[http://www.jbic.go.jp/japanese/base/release/oec/2000/nr64d.php] {{dead link|date=November 2014}}</ref> Construction was carried out in cooperation between [[Changchun Car Company|Changchun Railway Vehicles Co. Ltd.]] and [[Hitachi Monorail]], using advanced [[Monorails in Japan|Japanese monorail]] technology.<ref>[http://www.hitachi.com/rev/archive/2005/2041017_12602.html] {{dead link|date=November 2014}}</ref> Construction on Line 2 began in 1999, and it was officially opened in June 2005 from Jiaochangkou (Jiefangbei CBD) to Dongwuyuan [[Chongqing Zoo]].
The CRT is part of the central government's project to [[China Western Development|develop the Western regions]] and the [[Japan Bank for International Cooperation]] provided part of the funding.<ref>[http://www.jbic.go.jp/japanese/base/release/oec/2000/nr64d.php] {{ |date= }}</ref> Construction was carried out in cooperation between [[Changchun Car Company|Changchun Railway Vehicles Co. Ltd.]] and [[Hitachi Monorail]], using advanced [[Monorails in Japan|Japanese monorail]] technology.<ref>[http://www.hitachi.com/rev/archive/2005/2041017_12602.html] {{ |date= }}</ref> Construction on Line 2 began in 1999, and it was officially opened in June 2005 from Jiaochangkou (Jiefangbei CBD) to Dongwuyuan [[Chongqing Zoo]].


===Timeline===
===Timeline===
Line 119: Line 119:
Line 1 runs {{convert|16.4|km|mi|abbr=on}} from Chaotianmen in downtown west to Shapingba, and eventually to Shuangbei with a length of {{convert|22.4|km|mi|abbr=on}}. It is the first [[Rapid Transit|heavy-rail subway]] line, the second in Western China. Passenger capacity is 36,000 passengers/hour/direction.
Line 1 runs {{convert|16.4|km|mi|abbr=on}} from Chaotianmen in downtown west to Shapingba, and eventually to Shuangbei with a length of {{convert|22.4|km|mi|abbr=on}}. It is the first [[Rapid Transit|heavy-rail subway]] line, the second in Western China. Passenger capacity is 36,000 passengers/hour/direction.


In 1992, the Chongqing government signed a [[Build-Operate-Transfer]] agreement with a Hong Kong company and provided the land for the project, but work ceased in 1997 due to legal issues.{{Citation needed|date=July 2007}} Work resumed from Chaotianmen to Shapingba on 9 June 2007, and opened to limited operation on 28 July.<ref>[http://www.echinacities.com/chongqing/city-in-pulse/chongqing-s-metro-line-1-now-open.html] {{dead link|date=November 2014}}</ref> An extension from Shapingba to University Town began in 2009 and was scheduled to open in 2013. [[Thales Group|Thales]] provided an [[Control room|Operations Control Centre]] for this line.
In 1992, the Chongqing government signed a [[Build-Operate-Transfer]] agreement with a Hong Kong company and provided the land for the project, but work ceased in 1997 due to legal issues.{{Citation needed|date=July 2007}} Work resumed from Chaotianmen to Shapingba on 9 June 2007, and opened to limited operation on 28 July.<ref>[http://www.echinacities.com/chongqing/city-in-pulse/chongqing-s-metro-line-1-now-open.html] {{ |date= }}</ref> An extension from Shapingba to University Town began in 2009 and was scheduled to open in 2013. [[Thales Group|Thales]] provided an [[Control room|Operations Control Centre]] for this line.


Line 1 has 14 stations, including interchange stations with Line 2 at [[:ja:較場口駅|Jiaochangkou]] in Jeifangbei CBD and at [[:ja:大坪駅|Daping]] and with Line 3 at Lianglukou, near the Chongqing Rail Station in the Caiyuanba section of central Yuzhong.
Line 1 has 14 stations, including interchange stations with Line 2 at [[:ja:較場口駅|Jiaochangkou]] in Jeifangbei CBD and at [[:ja:大坪駅|Daping]] and with Line 3 at Lianglukou, near the Chongqing Rail Station in the Caiyuanba section of central Yuzhong.
Line 138: Line 138:


==Network expansion==
==Network expansion==
CRT is expected to have six lines criss-crossing the urban districts by 2015, and a loop line connecting them.<ref>[http://www.cqmetro.cn/webpic/webpic1.htm] {{dead link|date=November 2014}}</ref> However, in addition to the extensions to Lines 1, 2 and 3 only one line was under construction in mid 2011. Phase 1 for the Circle Line was expected to commence construction by the end of October 2013, linking Chongqing West Railway Station and Shanghao in Nan'an District with 22 underground stations, by 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.cqnews.net/html/2013-10/23/content_28353446.htm|title=Loop line of Chongqing rail transit to start construction|author=Liu Kan|publisher=English.cqnews.net|accessdate=19 November 2014}}</ref> Construction of Lines 4 and 5 commenced on 5 December 2013 to be completed by 2017, with Line 10 expected to start construction early in 2014.<ref name="english.cqnews.net">{{cite web|url=http://english.cqnews.net/html/2013-12/04/content_28907717.htm|title=Two lines of CRT begin construction|author=Luoshuang|publisher=English.cqnews.net|accessdate=19 November 2014}}</ref>
CRT is expected to have six lines criss-crossing the urban districts by 2015, and a loop line connecting them.<ref>[http://www.cqmetro.cn/webpic/webpic1.htm] {{ |date= }}</ref> However, in addition to the extensions to Lines 1, 2 and 3 only one line was under construction in mid 2011. Phase 1 for the Circle Line was expected to commence construction by the end of October 2013, linking Chongqing West Railway Station and Shanghao in Nan'an District with 22 underground stations, by 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.cqnews.net/html/2013-10/23/content_28353446.htm|title=Loop line of Chongqing rail transit to start construction|author=Liu Kan|publisher=English.cqnews.net|accessdate=19 November 2014}}</ref> Construction of Lines 4 and 5 commenced on 5 December 2013 to be completed by 2017, with Line 10 expected to start construction early in 2014.<ref name="english.cqnews.net">{{cite web|url=http://english.cqnews.net/html/2013-12/04/content_28907717.htm|title=Two lines of CRT begin construction|author=Luoshuang|publisher=English.cqnews.net|accessdate=19 November 2014}}</ref>


===Lines under construction===
===Lines under construction===

Revision as of 15:59, 14 January 2016

Chongqing Rail Transit
File:CRT Logo.svg
Overview
LocaleChongqing
Transit typerapid transit,
straddle-beam monorail
Number of lines4
Number of stations115
Daily ridership1.3701 million (2014 Avg.)[1]
2.4 million (2014 Peak)[2]
Annual ridership310 million (2012)[3]
Operation
Began operation18 June 2005
Technical
System length201.6 km (125.3 mi)
System map

Chongqing Rail Transit
Simplified Chinese重庆轨道交通
Traditional Chinese重慶軌道交通
Dongwuyuan station, CRT Line 2.

The Chongqing Rail Transit (CRT) also known as Chongqing Metro, is the metro system in the city of Chongqing, China and has been in operation since the year 2005. CRT serves transportation needs in the city's main business and entertainment downtown areas and inner suburbs. It is the oldest of the three metro systems in operation in the interior west of China, the others being Chengdu Metro, and Xi'an Metro which opened in 2010 and 2011, respectively.

As of May 2015, CRT consisted of four lines, with a total track length of 201.6 km (125.3 mi). Lines 1 and 6 are conventional heavy-rail subways, while Lines 2 and 3 are heavy-capacity monorails. Line 1 is the system's backbone connecting the most densely populated areas including the main Central Business Districts: Jiefangbei, Lianglukou, Daping, and Shapingba. Line 2 runs through three administrative districts in the central city (Yuzhong, Jiulongpo, and Dadukou). Line 6 runs from Jiangbei to Yubei. A system network of 18 lines in total is planned.

At 80 km (50 mi), the system's two monorail lines form the world's largest monorail network circa 2014,[4] with the 55.5 km (34.5 mi) Line 3 being the world's longest single monorail line.[5][6]

History

The CRT is part of the central government's project to develop the Western regions and the Japan Bank for International Cooperation provided part of the funding.[7] Construction was carried out in cooperation between Changchun Railway Vehicles Co. Ltd. and Hitachi Monorail, using advanced Japanese monorail technology.[8] Construction on Line 2 began in 1999, and it was officially opened in June 2005 from Jiaochangkou (Jiefangbei CBD) to Dongwuyuan Chongqing Zoo.

Timeline

  • 18 June 2005 (Line 2): Jiaochangkou – Dongwuyuan
  • 1 July 2006 (Line 2): Dongwuyuan – Xinshancun
  • 28 July 2011 (Line 1): Jiaochangkou – Shapingba
  • 27 September 2011 (Line 1): Jiaochangkou – Xiaoshizi
  • 29 September 2011 (Line 3): Lianglukou – Yuanyang
  • 8 October 2011 (Line 3): Yuanyang – Changfulu
  • 30 December 2011 (Line 3): Lianglukou – Ertang & Changfulu – Jiangbei International Airport
  • 28 September 2012 (Line 6): Kangzhuang – Wulidian
  • 21 December 2012 (Line 1): Shapingba – Daxuecheng
  • 26 December 2012 (Line 6): Kangzhuang – Lijia
  • 28 December 2012 (Line 3): Ertang – Yudong
  • 31 January 2012 (Line 3): Chalukou, Huaxi & Jinzhu
  • 28 September 2012 (Line 6): Kangzhuang – Wulidian
  • 26 December 2012 (Line 6): Kangzhuang – Lijia
  • 15 May 2013 (Line 6): Lijia – Yuelai
  • 31 December 2013 (Line 6): Lijia – Beibei
  • 31 December 2014 (Line 2): Xinshancun – Yudong
  • 31 December 2014 (Line 6): Wulidian – Chayuan

Network

Timelapse of the Chongqing Metro.

CRT is a unique metro system in China in that a significant number of lines use heavy monorail technology. In a hilly, multiple-river city it is not feasible to construct an all heavy-rail tunnel system given the depths of some many of the stations. For this reason, only two lines are planned to be heavy rail, the others straddle-beam monorails using heavy vehicles.

Line 1 is the first conventional subway running in a deep bored tunnel below Yuzhong and Shapingba Districts. The only other conventional subway is Line 6, which connects the main central business districts of Nanping in Nan'an District and Jiangbei's Guanyinqiao CBD and New City CBD to Jiefangbei CBD.

The monorail vehicles with strong climbing capabilities and have heavy rail capacity, which can transport 30,000 passengers per hour per direction[citation needed], invaluable in the densely populated but hilly city. Line 2 is for the most part elevated above streets, although a 2.2 km (1.4 mi) section is underground, including three of its 18 stations in the Jiefangbei CBD and Daping downtown areas in hyper-dense populated area of Yuzhong District. In 2010, Line 2 served 45 million passengers.[3]

To keep up with demand, construction is under way on extensions to Line 1, Line 2, Line 3, and Line 6, whose primary route is currently under trial. With the opening of Line 3 and Line 6 in 2012, all of the core urban area will be accessible by CRT.

Map of Chongqing Rail Transit           
Line Terminals
(District) 		Opened Newest
Extension 		Length
km 		Stations
Template:China line (Heavy-rail) Xiaoshizi
(Yuzhong) 		Jiandingpo
(Shapingba) 		2011 2014 38.9 23
Template:China line (Monorail) Jiaochangkou
(Yuzhong) 		Yudong
(Ba'nan) 		2005 2014 31.3 25
Template:China line (Monorail) Yudong
(Ba'nan) 		Jiangbei Airport
(Yubei) 		2011 2013 55.5 39
Template:China line (Heavy-rail) Chayuan
(Nan'an) 		Yuelai (Yubei)
Beibei (Beibei) 		2012 2015 75.9 32
Total 201.6 119

Line 1

File:CRT1 Logo.png
CRT Line 1's logo.

Line 1 runs 16.4 km (10.2 mi) from Chaotianmen in downtown west to Shapingba, and eventually to Shuangbei with a length of 22.4 km (13.9 mi). It is the first heavy-rail subway line, the second in Western China. Passenger capacity is 36,000 passengers/hour/direction.

In 1992, the Chongqing government signed a Build-Operate-Transfer agreement with a Hong Kong company and provided the land for the project, but work ceased in 1997 due to legal issues.[citation needed] Work resumed from Chaotianmen to Shapingba on 9 June 2007, and opened to limited operation on 28 July.[9] An extension from Shapingba to University Town began in 2009 and was scheduled to open in 2013. Thales provided an Operations Control Centre for this line.

Line 1 has 14 stations, including interchange stations with Line 2 at Jiaochangkou in Jeifangbei CBD and at Daping and with Line 3 at Lianglukou, near the Chongqing Rail Station in the Caiyuanba section of central Yuzhong.

Line 2

CRT Line 2's logo.

Line 2, a monorail line, runs 29.9 km (18.6 mi) and services 25 stations. It begins as a subway under downtown Jeifangbei, then runs west along the southern bank of the Jialing River on an elevated line, then turns south into the south-western inner suburbs, looping back east to terminate at Yudong in Ba'nan. It also runs through Daping CBD and Yingjiaping CBD in Jiulongpo District and the Chongqing City Zoo at Dongwuyuan Station. Most trains consist of four carriages, and six-carriage trains began to operate in September 2012.[10] In 2013, eight-car trains are being considered due to overcrowding and increasing demand.[11]

Line 3

File:CRT3 Logo.png
CRT Line 3's logo.

Line 3 runs from north to south, linking the districts separated by the Yangtze (Chang Jiang) and Jialing rivers. The initial segment from Lianglukou to Yuanyang (18 stations, 17.5 km (10.9 mi)) opened on 29 September 2011, with a northern extension from Yuanyang to Jiangbei Airport opening on 30 December 2011[12] and a southern extension from Ertang to Yudong on 28 December 2012.[13]

Most trains consist of six carriages, bigger than on the older Line 2, expected to upgrade to eight-car trains by 2014.[14] Currently 8 car trains are undergoing testing.[15] There are interchange stations in central Yuzhong district with Line 1 at Lianglukou (Caiyuanba Intercity Rail/Bus Station), and with Line 2 at Niujiaotuo.

Line 6

File:CRT6 Logo.png
CRT Line 6's logo.

Line 6 is the second heavy-rail subway and extensions at both ends are under construction. Opened on 28 September 2012 it connects Nan'an, Yuzhong, and Jiangbei districts in central Chongqing. A northern branch line from Lijia to Wulukou, Beibei district was opened on 31 December 2013,[16] 26.2 km (16.3 mi) long with five stations. Thales provided an Operations Control Centre for this line.

Network expansion

CRT is expected to have six lines criss-crossing the urban districts by 2015, and a loop line connecting them.[17] However, in addition to the extensions to Lines 1, 2 and 3 only one line was under construction in mid 2011. Phase 1 for the Circle Line was expected to commence construction by the end of October 2013, linking Chongqing West Railway Station and Shanghao in Nan'an District with 22 underground stations, by 2018.[18] Construction of Lines 4 and 5 commenced on 5 December 2013 to be completed by 2017, with Line 10 expected to start construction early in 2014.[19]

Lines under construction

Route Terminals Length (km) Stations Construction
Start Date 		Completion Status
Template:China line northern extension Bijin Jurenba 9.9 7 2013 2015 In full construction
Template:China line full loop loop line through Chongqing North & Chongqing West 50.9 33 28 October 2013 2017~2018 In full construction
Template:China line phase 1 Xinpaifang Tangjiatuo 17.6 9 3 December 2013 2017 In full construction
Template:China line phase 1 Jinyudadao Tiaodeng 39.7 25 3 December 2013 2017 In full construction

Future lines

Planned opening Route Name Terminals Length(km) Stations Status Notes
No time table
Template:China line Beibei Shuangfu 21 planned
Template:China line Jieshi Yulin ~18 proposed
Template:China line Railway Station West Road Huashigou ~26 planned
2017 Template:China line Lanhua Road Wangjiazhuang planned [19]
No time table
Template:China line Danzishi Industrial Zone ~9 planned
Template:China line Jinfeng South Lujiao South 13 planned
Template:China line Huxi International Western Region
Panda Convention Center 		5 planned
Template:China line Shuitu Yulin 16 planned
Template:China line Shuangbei Shengjibao 16 planned
Template:China line Xiangjiagang Hujiaqiao 6 planned
Template:China line Xiyong Jijiang 10 planned
Template:China line Shuitu Caijia 2 planned


See also

References

  1. ^ "重庆轨道交通获全国五一劳动奖状". Xinhua. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
  2. ^ "重庆200万轻轨族成社会中坚力量 生活被严重忽视". 重庆商报. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
  3. ^ a b "Daily Ridership". Chongqing News. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  4. ^ "쵥һ г95%". News.163.com. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  5. ^ "3号线鱼洞～二塘段基本情况". Cqmetro.cn. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  6. ^ "一不小心创造了又一个第一？". Cqmetro.cn. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  7. ^ [1] Template:Wayback
  8. ^ [2] Template:Wayback
  9. ^ [3] Template:Wayback
  10. ^ Dai Liu. "Extended train for Chongqing Light Rail Line 2 to debut in Sept". English.cqnews.net. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  11. ^ "ͨ23г". Chinanews.org. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  12. ^ F_100543. "Chongqing Rail Transit Line 3 opens to traffic". English.peopledaily.com.cn. Retrieved 19 November 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ "3号线鱼洞～二塘段基本情况". Cqmetro.cn. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  14. ^ "明年轨道3号线增开8辆编组列车 动力将提升1/3". Cq.ifeng.com. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  15. ^ "3号线8节编组列车外观就是这样的。 刘贤科 摄". Cq.qq.com. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  16. ^ Liu Kan. "Rail transit line 6 to Beibei". English.cqnews.net. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  17. ^ [4] Template:Wayback
  18. ^ Liu Kan. "Loop line of Chongqing rail transit to start construction". English.cqnews.net. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  19. ^ a b Luoshuang. "Two lines of CRT begin construction". English.cqnews.net. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
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