Mongnai, also known as Möngnai, Mone, Mōng Nai or Monē,[1] was a Shan state in what is today Burma. It belonged to the Eastern Division of the Southern Shan States.[1] Its capital was Mongnai town.[2]

Mongnai
State of the Shan States
bf. 1800–1959

Möng Nai State in an Imperial Gazetteer of India map
CapitalMong Nai
Area 
• 1901
5,129 km2 (1,980 sq mi)
Population 
• 1901
44,252
History 
• State founded
bf. 1800
• Abdication of the last Saopha
1959
Succeeded by
Shan State
The Gate at Mongnai in a picture by Sir James George Scott.

History

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Möngnai state was founded before 1800. According to tradition a predecessor state named Saturambha had existed previously in the area.[3]

Mongnai included the substates of Kengtawng[1] and Kenghkam. The latter was annexed in 1882.[citation needed]

Rulers (title Myoza)

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  • c. 1802 – 1848: Maung Shwe Paw
  • 1848–1850: Maung Yit
  • 1850–1851: U Po Ka
  • 1852: U Shwe Kyu

Saophas

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Ritual style Kambawsa Rahta Mahawunthiri Pawara Thudamaraza.[4]

# Begin End Saophas Details
1 1312 1339 Hkun Hkue Son of King Mangrai
2 1339 1364 Ngoen Hkoeng Hpa (Hkun Htoeng) Son of Hkun Hkue
3 1364 1384 Ngoen Htap Hpa (Yawt Hkam Hsen) Son of Ngoen Hkoeng Hpa
4 1384 1404 Ngoen Yap Hpa Son of Ngoen Htap Hpa
5 1404 1434 Ngoen Kawn Hpa Son of Ngoen Hom Hpa
6 1434 1472 Ngoen Pawng Hpa Son of Ngoen Kawn Hpa
7 1472 1476 Ngoen Hsawng Hpa Younger brother of Ngoen Pawng Hpa
8 1476 1479 Ngoen Din Hpa Son of Ngoen Pawng Hpa
9 1479 1492 Ngeon Mawk Hpa Son of Ngoen Hsawng Hpa
10 1479 1516 Ngeon Htawt Hpa Son of Ngoen Mawk Hpa
11 1516 1532 Sao Htap Hkam Younger brother of Ngeon Htawt Hpa
12 1532 1542 Ngeon Aung Hpa Son of Ngeon Htawt Hpa
13 1542 1567 Hso Pak Hpa Son of Sao Hkun Möng of Oung Pawng
14 1567 1586 Hso Piam Hpa Son of Hso Pak Hpa
15 1586 1599 Hso Pap Hpa Younger brother of Hso Piam Hpa
16 1599 1612 Hso Yew Hpa Son of Hso Piam Hpa
17 1612 1620 Hso Ngam Hpa Son of Hso Pap Hpa
18 1620 1631 Sao Möng Hkam Son of Hso Ngam Hpa
19 1631 1675 Sao Hla Hkam Son of Hso Piam Hpa of Mongmit
20 1675 1678 Sao Kyam Hkam Son of Sao Hla Hkam
21 1678 1704 Hso Hom Hpa Son of Sao Kyam Hkam
22 1704 1728 Hso Hat Hpa Son of Hso Hom Hpa
23 1728 1746 Shwe Hkat Hpa Son of Hso Hat Hpa
24 1746 1772 Shwe Naw Hpa - (Shwe Myat Noe) Son of Sao Shwe Hkat Hpa
25 1772 1790 Shwe Marn Hpa - (Shwe Myat Kyaw) Son of Shwe Naw Hpa
26 1790 1811 Shwe Sone Hpa Son of Shwe Marn Hpa
27 1811 1842 Hkun Hsen Kyung Son of Shwe Sone Hpa, Ex Saopha of Kyaingtong
28 1842 1868 Hkun Nu Nom Son of Hkun Hsen Kyung
29 1868 1874 Hkun Hpo On Son of Hkun Nu Nom
30 1874 1884 Sao Hswe Kyi — 1st time The uncle of Hkun Hpo On
31 1884 1888 Twet Nga Lu Usurper from Kyaingtong the Pa Oh Ex-monk. Died 1888
30² 1888 1914 Sao Hswe Kyi — 2nd time The uncle of Hkun Hpo On
32 1914 1928 Hkun Kyaw Sam Son of Sao Hswe Kyi, Enthrone on 6 May 1914
33 1929 1948 Hkun Kyaw Haw Son of Hkun Kyaw Sam
34 1948 1959 Sao Pyea Son of Hkun Kyaw Haw, The last Saopha

References

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  1. ^ a b c Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Mōng Nai" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 710.
  2. ^ Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 17, p. 405.
  3. ^ Ben Cahoon (2000). "World Statesmen.org: Shan and Karenni States of Burma". Retrieved 21 December 2010.
  4. ^ "WHKMLA : History of the Shan States". 18 May 2010. Retrieved 21 December 2010.
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20°31′N 97°52′E / 20.517°N 97.867°E / 20.517; 97.867